غزوة خيبر The Battle of Khaybar

 الغزوات The Invasions

خيبر

خبير مدينة كبيرة منيعة تعجُّ بالحصون، تقع إلى جهة الشمال من المدينة المنورة، سكّانها من اليهود

التوقيت 

ليلاً: في السنة السابعة، وبعد إبرام صُلح الحديبية مع قريش، فعاد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الحديبية، وأقام بالمدينة ذا الحجة وبعض المحرَّم، ثمَّ خرج إلى خيبر.

عدد جيش المسلمين 

1400 مقاتل 

منهم 200 فارس 

مقاتلي اليهود 

١٠٠٠٠ مقاتل 

سبب الغزوة 

كانت خيبر آخر معقل من معاقل اليهود، ووكراً للمؤامرات على الإسلام والمسلمين، فبعد أن عقد رسول الله -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم- صلح الحديبية مع قريش، رَغبَ رسول الله بمحاربة الأطراف الأخرى التي كانت في مواجهة المسلمين في غزوة الأحزاب، فيهود خيبر الذين كانوا العقل المدبر للهجوم بالاتفاق مع قبيلة غطفان لتشارك في الحرب مقابل أن يعطونها تمر خيبر لمدة عام، هذا غير: أن يحقق المسلمون السلام والأمن والهدوء في المدينة المنورة وما حولها.

أحداث الغزوة 

وعن أنس رضي الله عنه: (أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج إلى خيبر فجاءها ليلاً، وكان إذا جاء قوماً بليل لا يُغير عليهم حتى يصبح، فلما أصبح خرجت يهود بمساحيهم ومكاتلهم (آلات زراعية)، فلما رأوه قالوا: محمد والله، محمد والخميس (الجيش)، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: الله أكبر خربت خيبر، إنا إذا نزلنا بساحة قوم فساء صباح المنذرين) رواه البخاري.، وأغلقوا بابَ الحصون عليهم، وكانت خيبر عبارة عن مدينة ذات حصون كثيرة مُحكَمة، فيها الزَّاد والشراب؛ منها حصن ناعم والعَمُوس والصَّعب والوَطيح والسُّلالم.

من تخلف عن صلح الحديبية من المنافقين حرم من الخروج في غزوة خيبر 

لم يسمح النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم للمنافقين وضعفاء الإيمان الذين تخلفوا في الحديبية بالخروج معه، تصديقًا لقوله تعالى: {سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انْطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعْكُمْ ` يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ` قُلْ لَنْ تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَلِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ}

قال الإمام القرطبي في تفسير هذه الآية

 (يعني مغانم خيبر؛لأن الله عز وجل وعد أهل الحديبية فتح خيبر وأنها لهم خاصة، من غاب منهم ومن حضر).

وجرَت مبارزات بين نفر من اليهود وعدد من الصحابة

 اشتهر منها مبارزة علي بن أبي طالب مع مَرْحَب اليهودي، فقَتَله عليٌّ رضي الله عنه، وكذلك مبارزة الزبير مع ياسر أخي مَرحب فقَتَله الزبيرُ رضي الله عنه، وقاد حملة عمر بن الخطاب فرجع ولم يكن على يديه فتح، ثمَّ أبو بكر أيضًا، ثمَّ قال النَّبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: ((لأعطين الرايةَ غدًا رجلًا يحبُّ اللهَ ورسوله ويحبُّه الله ورسولُه))؛ فأعطاها عليًّا، وكان به رمد فتَفل عليه الصلاة والسلام في عينيه فبرئ، ثمَّ حمل على اليهود وقاتل حتى فتَح الحصنَ، وهو حصن السلالم لمرحب وأخيه، وأتَمَّ الله فتحَ خيبر لنبيِّه، وكان فتحًا مبينًا، وفيه اصطفى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صفيَّةَ بنت حُيي بن أخطب وتزوَّجها.

وفي رواية أخري: أخذ المسلمون في فتح حصون خيبر واحداً تلو الآخر

 وقد واجه المسلمون مقاومة شديدة وصعوبة كبيرة عند فتح بعض هذه الحصون، منها حصن ناعم الذي استغرق فتحه عشرة أيام، واستشهد في أثناء فتحه الصحابي محمود بن مسلمة الأنصاري رضي الله عنه، وكان قد حمل راية المسلمين عند حصاره أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه، ولم يفتح الله عليه، وعندما جهد الناس، قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إنه سيدفع اللواء غداً إلى رجل يحبه الله ورسوله، ويحب اللهَ ورسوله، لا يرجع حتى يُفتح له، فطابت نفوس المسلمين، فلما صلى فجر اليوم الثالث دعا عليَّ بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه، ودفع إليه اللواء، فحمله، فتم فتح الحصن على يديه.

نصيحة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم قبل فتح  حصن من حصون خيبر علي يد علي ابن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه وأرضاه

وقال له: «انْفُذْ على رِسْلِكِ حتى تنزلَ بساحتِهِم، ثمَّ ادعُهُمْ إِلى الإسلامِ، وأَخْبِرْهُمْ بما يَجِبُ عليْهِم مِنْ حقِّ اللهِ فيه، فواللهِ لَأَنْ يَهْدِيَ اللهُ بكَ رجلًا واحدًا، خيرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أنْ يَكُونَ لَكَ حمرُ النَّعَمِ».

وكان المسلمون أثناء سيرهم يكبرون ويهللون بأصوات مرتفعة

 فطلب منهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يرفقوا بأنفسهم قائلاً: (أيها الناس: تدعون سميعاً قريباً وهو معكم) رواه البخاري.

نبوءة رسول الله بإخباره بموت واستشهاد عامر بن الأكوع رضي الله عنه

 قال سلمة رضي الله عنه: (خرجنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى خيبر، فسرنا ليلاً، فقال رجل من القوم لعامر: يا عامر! ألا تسمعنا من هنيهاتك، وكان عامر رجلاً شاعراً، فنزل يحدو بالقوم، يقول:

اللهم لولا أنت ما اهتدينا ولا تصدقنا ولا صلينا

فاغفر فداء لك ما اتقينا وثبت الأقدام إن لاقينا

وألقين سكينة علينا إنا إذا صيح بنا أبينا

فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (من هذا السائق؟) قالوا: عامر بن الأكوع، قال: (يرحمه الله) فقال رجل من القوم: وجبت يا نبي الله، لولا أمتعتنا به) رواه مسلم. 

وفي رواية للبخاري

 قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: (من هذا؟ قال: أنا عامر، قال: غفر لك ربك، قال(سلمة): وما استغفر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لإنسان يخصه إلا استشهد، قال: فنادى عمر بن الخطاب وهو على جمل له: يا نبي الله، لولا مَتَّعْتَنا بعامر). قال النووي: "معنى (وجبت) أي: ثبتت له الشهادة وسيقع قريباً، وكان هذا معلوماً عندهم أن من دعا له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم هذا الدعاء في هذا الموطن استُشْهِد، فقالوا: هلاَّ أمتعتنا به، أي وددنا أنك لو أخرت الدعاء له بهذا إلى وقت آخر؛ لنتمتع بمصاحبته ورؤيته".

استشهاد عامر بن الأكوع

قال سلمة بن الأكوع: (لما كان يوم خيبر قاتل أخي (عامر) قتالا شديداً مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فارتد عليه سيفه فقتله، فقال أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في ذلك، وشكُّوا فيه: رجلٌ مات في سلاحِه، وشكُّوا في بعضِ أمرِه، قال: سلمة فرجع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من خيبر، فقلت: يا رسول الله ائذن لي أن أرجز لك، فأذن له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال عمر بن الخطاب: اعلم ما تقول، قال: فقلت

والله لولا الله ما اهتدينا ولا تصدقنا ولا صلينا

فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: صدقت

وأنزلن سكينة علينا وثبت الأقدام إن لاقينا

والمشركون قد بغوا علينا

قال: فلما قضيتُ رجزي، قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من قال هذا؟ قلت: قال أخي, فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: يرحمه الله، فقلت: يا رسول الله! إن ناساً ليهابون الصلاة عليه، يقولون رجل مات بسلاحه، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: مات جاهداً مجاهداً) رواه مسلم

 وفي رواية للنسائي صححها الألباني 

"ثم سألت ابناً لسلمة بن الأكوع، فحدثني عن أبيه مثل ذلك غير أنه قال: حين قلت: "إن ناساً يهابون الصلاة عليه" فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (كذبوا، مات جاهداً مجاهداً، فله أجره مرتين، وأشار بإصبعيه

تابع المسلمون الاقتحام بقيادة الحباب بن المنذر الأنصاري

 مهاجمين حصن الصّعب الذي كان شديد المناعة، وحاصروه ثلاثة أيام ثم بفضل لجوء المسلمين إلى الله فتح الله عليهم حصن الصعب بن معاذ، وكان من أغنى حصون خيبر بالطعام والشراب.

انتقل اليهود من الحصون وتمركزوا في قلعة الزبير

 فحاصرها رسول الله ثلاثة أيام، ثم جاء إليه رجل من اليهود فقال: (يا أبا القاسم، إنك لو أقمت شهراً ما بالوا بك، إن لهم شراباً وعيوناً تحت الأرض، يخرجون بالليل ويشربون منها، ثم يرجعون إلى قلعتهم فيمتنعون منك، فإن قطعت مشربهم عليهم أصحروا لك)، ففعل رسول الله وقطع الماء، فاضطروا إلى الخروج وحدثت معركة عنيفة على باب القلعة انتهت بانتصار المسلمين.

نقل اليهود تمركزَ قواتهم إلى قلعة أبيّ

 فحاصرها المسلمون، فطلب رجلان من اليهود المبارزة، فخرج أبو دجانة الأنصاري -صاحب العصابة الحمراء- الذي أسرع إلى اقتحام قلعة أبي بعد قتله اليهودي في المبارزة، فدخلها المسلمون بعد قتال عنيف دام ساعات، وهرب اليهود من إلى حصن النِّزار.

حاصر المسلمون حصن النزّار حصاراً شديداً

 وعندما عجزوا عن اقتحامه أمر رسول الله بضرب الحصن بالمنجنيق، فضعفت جدران الحصن ففرَّ اليهود تاركين أطفالهم ونساءهم، وبهذا الفتح سيطر المسلمون على القسم الأول من خيبر.

اتجه المسلمون إلى القسم الثاني من المدينة

 الذي فيه حصن القمُوص، وحصن بني أبي الحُقَيق، وحصن الوطيح والسلالم، فحاصرها جيش المسلمون أربعة عشر يومًا كاملة، وعندما لم يجدِ الحصار نفعًا همَّوا بنصب المنجنيقات لضربها فطلب أهل خيبر الصلح. فصالحهم رسول الله مقابل يخرجوا من خيبر كلها ويتركوها للمسلمين، ولما أراد رسول الله إجلاءهم، قالوا: (يا محمد، دعنا نكون في هذه الأرض، نصلحها، ونقوم عليها، فنحن أعلم بها منكم)، فأعطاهم خيبر على أن لهم الشطر من كل زرع، ومن كل ثمر، ما بدا لمحمد أن يقرهم، وكان عبد الله بن رواحة يخرصه عليهم.

قصة الراعي الأسود في فتح خيبر

أتى راع أسود رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم -وهو محاصر لبعض حصون خيبر– ومعه غنم فأسلم، وقال:‏ (يا رسول الله، إني كنت أجيراً لصاحب هذه الغنم، وهي أمانة عندي، فكيف أصنع بها؟)‏. قال‏:‏ «اضرب في وجوهها فإنها سترجع إلى ربها». فأخذ حفنة من الحصى، فرمى بها في وجوهها، وقال‏:‏ (ارجعي إلى صاحبك، فوالله لا أصحبك أبداً)، فخرجت مجتمعة، كأن سائقاً يسوقها، حتى دخلت الحصن. ثم تقدم إلى ذلك الحصن ليقاتل مع المسلمين، فأصابه حجر فقتله، وما صلى لله صلاة قط، فأتي به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فوضع خلفه، وسجي بشملة كانت عليه، فالتفت إليه رسول الله، ثم أعرض عنه، فقالوا‏:‏ يا رسول الله، لم أعرضت عنه‏؟‏ قال‏:‏ «إن معه الآن زوجتيه من الحور العين».

كم وزن باب خيبر

وزن باب خيبر كان يُقدر بحوالي أربعين منّاً، حيث يُعادل المنّ حوالي 280 مثقالاً. هذا يعني أن وزن الباب كان كبيرًا جدًا ويشير إلى مدى صعوبة تحريكه أو رفعه.

 وفيها أنَّ امرأة يهودية تُدعى زينب - وهي زوجة سلام بن مشكم

 أهدَت رسولَ الله شاة مَصليَّة، وضعَت فيها السمَّ، فأخذ منها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مضغة فلم يسغها وقال: ((إنَّ هذه الشاة تُخبِرني أنَّها مسمومة)) ولفظها، وأكَل منها بشر بن البراء بن معرور فمات.

نتائج الغزوة وانفالها 

1- وفيها وزَّع عليه الصلاة والسلام المغانمَ على المسلمين، وأبقى أهلَ خيبر فيها يَزرعونها ولهم النِّصف على أن يُخرجهم المسلمون منها متى شاؤوا.

2- استشهد من المسلمين في معارك خيبر 16 رجلاً

3- أما قتلى اليهود فعددهم 93 قتيلاً.

4- دفعت عددًا من القبائل العربية التي كانت تعادي المسلمين إلى عقد صلح معهم.

5 - أنهت التهديد اليهودي في خيبر وكسرت شوكتهم في الجزيرة العربية.

6- كان لها فائدة اقتصادية عظيمة على المسلمين.، فقد سمع أهل “فدك” بما حدث، فبعثوا للرسول يسألونه الصلح، فصالحهم وعاملهم كأهل خيبر.

7- كان من جملة السبي: السيدة صفية بنت حيي بنت أخطب فأسلمت، واصطفاها النبي لنفسه وتزوجها.

وفي خلافة عمر رضي الله عنه

 أمر عمر بإخراجهم؛ للحديث الشريف: ((لا يجتمع في جزيرة العرب دينانِ))

نبوءات رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم في غزوة خيبر 

1- كان في عين سيدنا علي ابن أبي طالب رمد، فتفل فيها رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم فبرأت من ساعتها ونازل القوم وفتح الحصن علي يديه وكان قد استعصي علي من قبله من المسلمين 

2- إخبار رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم باستشهاد عامر بن الأكوع - رضي الله عنه - قبل استشهاده 

Khaybar

Khaybar is a large, fortified city, teeming with strongholds, located north of Medina. Its inhabitants were Jewish.

The time

Night: In the seventh year (of the Hijra), after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was concluded with the Quraysh, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Hudaybiyyah and stayed in Medina during Dhu al-Hijjah and part of Muharram. Then he set out for Khaybar.

The Number of the Muslim Army

1400 fighters

Including 200 cavalry

The reason for the raid

Khaibar was the last stronghold of the Jews and a den of conspiracies against Islam and the Muslims. After the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - concluded the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the Quraysh, the Messenger of God wanted to fight the other parties that were facing the Muslims in the Battle of the Trench. The Jews of Khaibar were the masterminds behind the attack, in agreement with the Ghatafan tribe to participate in the war in exchange for giving them the dates of Khaibar for a year. This was in addition to the Muslims achieving peace, security and tranquility in Medina and its surroundings.

The Events of the Expedition

On the authority of Anas (may God be pleased with him): “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to Khaybar and arrived there at night. When he came to a people at night, he would not attack them until morning. When morning came, the Jews came out with their hoes and baskets (farming tools). When they saw him, they said, ‘By God, Muhammad! Muhammad and the army!’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘God is the Greatest! Khaybar is ruined! When we descend upon a people’s land, evil is the morning of those who have been warned!’” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari). They closed the gates of the fortresses upon themselves. Khaybar was a city with many well-fortified strongholds, stocked with provisions and water. Among these fortresses were Na’im, Al-Amus, As-Sa’b, Al-Watih, and As-Sulalim.

Those hypocrites who stayed behind at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah were barred from participating in the Battle of Khaybar

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not permit the hypocrites and those weak in faith who stayed behind at Hudaybiyyah to join him, in accordance with the verse: {Those who stayed behind will say, when you set out to take the spoils, “Let us follow you.” They want to change the word of Allah. Say, “You will not follow us. Thus, Allah has said before.”}

Imam al-Qurtubi, in his commentary on this verse, said:

 (This refers to the spoils of Khaybar, because Allah, the Exalted, promised the people of Hudaybiyyah the conquest of Khaybar, and that it was exclusively theirs, whether they were present or absent).

The duels took place between a group of Jews and a number of the Companions

Among the most famous duels was that of Ali ibn Abi Talib with Marhab the Jew, whom Ali, may God be pleased with him, killed. Similarly, there was the duel between Zubayr and Yasir, Marhab's brother, whom Zubayr, may God be pleased with him, killed. Umar ibn al-Khattab led a campaign but returned without achieving any victory. Then Abu Bakr also led a campaign. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, "Tomorrow I will give the banner to a man who loves God and His Messenger, and whom God and His Messenger love." He gave it to Ali, who had conjunctivitis. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, spat in his eyes, and he was cured. Then he charged the Jews and fought until he conquered the fortress, which was the fortress of al-Salalim, belonging to Marhab and his brother. God then completed the conquest of Khaybar for His Prophet, and it was a clear victory. It was there that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, chose Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab and married her.

In another account: The Muslims began conquering the fortresses of Khaybar one by one

The Muslims faced fierce resistance and great difficulty in conquering some of these fortresses, including the fortress of Na'im, which took ten days to capture. During its conquest, the Companion Mahmud ibn Maslamah al-Ansari (may God be pleased with him) was martyred. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may God be pleased with him) had carried the Muslim banner during the siege, but God had not granted him victory. When the people grew weary, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said that he would give the banner the next day to a man whom God and His Messenger loved, and who loved God and His Messenger, and who would not return until victory was achieved. The Muslims were reassured. When he prayed the dawn prayer on the third day, he called Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him) and gave him the banner, which he carried, and the fortress was conquered through him.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) gave advice before the conquest of one of the fortresses of Khaybar by Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him):

He said to him, “Proceed slowly until you reach their territory, then invite them to Islam and inform them of their obligations to God. By God, if God were to guide even one man through you, it would be better for you than possessing red camels.”

As the Muslims marched, they were chanting the Takbir and Tahlil loudly

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then asked them to be gentle with themselves, saying, “O people, you are calling upon One who is All-Hearing, All-Seeing, and He is with you.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari)

The Prophet's Prophecy of the Death and Martyrdom of 'Amir ibn al-Akwa' (may God be pleased with him)

Salama (may God be pleased with him) said: "We went out with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to Khaybar. We traveled by night, and a man from the group said to 'Amir: 'O 'Amir! Won't you recite some of your poetry for us?' 'Amir was a poet, so he dismounted and began reciting to the people:

'O God, were it not for You, we would not have been guided, nor would we have given charity, nor would we have prayed.

So, forgive us, for we have been merciful to You, and make our feet firm when we meet the enemy.

And bestow tranquility upon us, for when we are called upon, we refuse

The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Who is this driver?' They said: ''Amir ibn al-Akwa'. He said: 'May God have mercy on him.' Then a man from the group said: 'O Prophet of God, it is decreed that we should have enjoyed his company.'" (Narrated by Muslim)

In a narration by Al-Bukhari:

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Who is this?” He replied, “I am ‘Amir.” The Prophet said, “May your Lord forgive you.” Salamah said, “The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) never sought forgiveness for anyone he knew personally except that person was martyred.” Then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, while on his camel, called out, “O Prophet of God, why didn’t you let us enjoy ‘Amir?” An-Nawawi said, “The meaning of ‘it is confirmed’ is that his martyrdom was established and would soon occur. It was known to them that whoever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed for in this manner in this situation would be martyred. So, they said, ‘Why didn’t you let us enjoy him?’ meaning, ‘We wished that you had delayed praying for him in this way until another time so that we could enjoy his company and see him.

The Martyrdom of 'Amir ibn al-Akwa'

Salama ibn al-Akwa' said: "On the day of Khaybar, my brother 'Amir fought fiercely alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). His sword recoiled and killed him. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke about this, expressing doubt: 'A man died in his weapon!' They were uncertain about some aspect of the matter. Salama said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from Khaybar, and I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, permit me to recite a poem for you.' The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) granted me permission. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said: 'Know what you are saying.' So I recited:

'By Allah, were it not for Allah, we would not have been guided, nor would we have given charity, nor would we have prayed.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'You have spoken the truth.

'And He bestowed upon us tranquility and made our feet firm when we meet the enemy.

'And the polytheists have transgressed against us.'

When I finished my poem, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Who said this?' I said: 'My brother.' The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'May Allah have mercy on him.' I said: O Messenger of Allah! Some people are hesitant to pray over him, saying, “He died with his weapon.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “He died striving and fighting in the cause of Allah.” (Narrated by Muslim)

And in a narration by An-Nasa’i, authenticated by Al-Albani:

“Then I asked a son of Salamah ibn Al-Akwa’, and he told me something similar on the authority of his father, except that he said: When I said, ‘Some people are hesitant to pray over him,’ the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘They are lying. He died striving and fighting in the cause of Allah, so he will have his reward twice over.’ And he pointed with his two fingers.”

The Muslims continued their assault, led by al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir al-Ansari

They attacked the formidable fortress of al-Sa'b, besieging it for three days. Then, through the Muslims' supplication to God, He granted them victory over the fortress of al-Sa'b ibn Mu'adh, which was one of the richest fortresses in Khaybar in terms of food and drink.

The Jews moved from their fortresses and concentrated in the fortress of al-Zubayr

The Messenger of God besieged it for three days. Then a man from among the Jews came to him and said, "O Abu al-Qasim, even if you were to stay for a month, they would not care about you. They have water sources and underground springs. They come out at night and drink from them, then return to their fortress and are protected from you. If you cut off their water supply, they will surrender to you in the open." So the Messenger of God did so and cut off their water supply. They were forced to come out, and a fierce battle ensued at the gate of the fortress, ending in a Muslim victory.

The Jews moved their forces to the fortress of Ubayy

The Muslims besieged it, and two Jewish men challenged them to single combat. Abu Dujana al-Ansari—the man with the red headband—emerged and quickly stormed the fortress after killing one of the Jewish men in the duel. The Muslims entered the fortress after a fierce battle that lasted for hours, and the Jews fled to the fortress of Nizar.

The Muslims laid a tight siege to the fortress of Nizar

When they were unable to breach it, the Messenger of God ordered the fortress to be bombarded with catapults. The fortress walls weakened, and the Jews fled, abandoning their children and women. With this conquest, the Muslims gained control of the first part of Khaybar.

The Muslims then turned to the second part of the city

which contained the fortresses of al-Qamus, Banu Abi al-Huqayq, al-Watih, and al-Salalim. The Muslim army besieged them for fourteen full days. When the siege proved ineffective, they considered deploying catapults to bombard them, at which point the people of Khaybar requested peace. So, the Messenger of God made peace with them on the condition that they leave all of Khaybar and leave it to the Muslims. When the Messenger of God intended to expel them, they said, “O Muhammad, let us remain in this land, cultivate it, and take care of it, for we know it better than you.” So, he gave them Khaybar on the condition that they would have half of every crop and every fruit, as long as Muhammad saw fit to let them stay. Abdullah ibn Rawahah would estimate the harvest for them.

The Story of the Black Shepherd in the Conquest of Khaybar

 A black shepherd came to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was besieging some of the fortresses of Khaybar, with his sheep. He embraced Islam and said, “O Messenger of God, I was a hired hand for the owner of these sheep, and they are a trust with me. What should I do with them?” He said, “Strike their faces, for they will return to their owner.” He took a handful of pebbles and threw them in their faces, saying, “Go back to your master, for by God, I will never accompany you again!” They all left together, as if a driver were leading them, until they entered the fortress. Then he advanced towards the fortress to fight alongside the Muslims, but a stone struck him and killed him. He had never prayed to God. He was brought to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), and he was placed behind him and covered with the cloak he was wearing. The Messenger of God turned to him, then turned away. They said, “O Messenger of God, why did you turn away from him?” He said, “He is now with his two wives from among the maidens of Paradise.”

How much did the gate of Khaybar weigh? 

The gate of Khaybar weighed approximately forty manns, where a mann is equivalent to about 280 mithqals. This means that the gate was very heavy and indicates how difficult it was to move or lift.

It is reported that a Jewish woman named Zaynab - the wife of Salam bin Mishkam

gifted the Messenger of God a roasted sheep, into which she had put poison. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took a morsel from it but could not swallow it and said: “This sheep is telling me that it is poisoned.” He spat it out, and Bishr bin Al-Bara’ bin Ma’rur ate from it and died.

The Results of the Battle and its Spoils

1- In it, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed the spoils among the Muslims, and allowed the people of Khaybar to remain in their land, cultivating it and receiving half the produce, on the condition that the Muslims could expel them whenever they wished.

2- Sixteen Muslims were martyred in the battles of Khaybar.

3- The number of Jewish casualties was 93.

4- It prompted a number of Arab tribes that were hostile to the Muslims to make peace with them.

5- It ended the Jewish threat in Khaybar and broke their power in the Arabian Peninsula.

6- It had a great economic benefit for the Muslims. The people of Fadak heard what had happened and sent a message to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asking for peace. He made peace with them and treated them like the people of Khaybar.

7- Among the captives was Safiyyah bint Huyayy bint Akhtab, who embraced Islam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) chose her for himself and married her.

During the Caliphate of Umar (may God be pleased with him)

Umar ordered their expulsion; The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Two religions will not coexist in the Arabian Peninsula.”

The Prophecies of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding the Battle of Khaybar:

1- Ali ibn Abi Talib had conjunctivitis. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spat in his eye, and it was cured instantly. He then engaged the enemy and conquered the fortress, which had previously resisted the Muslims before him.

2- The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) foretold the martyrdom of Amir ibn al-Akwa’ (may God be pleased with him) before his martyrdom.