غزوة العُشيرة The Battle of the Elashirah
The Number of Muslim fighters
150 emigrants
The Number of polytheist fighters
No encounter took place with the polytheists.
The reasons for the raid
To intercept Abu Sufyan's caravan to recover the money that the Quraysh had plundered from the Muslims during the Meccan period, and to intimidate the enemies of God, teaching them that the Muslims command respect and that they should not transgress against the Muslims again.
The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, gave Ali, may God be pleased with him, the nickname Abu Turab
In the Battle of Al-Ushairah, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, gave Ali bin Abi Talib, may God be pleased with him, the nickname Abu Turab. In Ibn Hisham's biography of the Prophet, it is narrated: "On the authority of Ammar ibn Yasir, may God be pleased with him, who said: 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and I were companions on the expedition to al-Ushairah. When the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived and stayed there, we saw some people from Banu Mudlij working in their spring and date palm grove. Ali ibn Abi Talib said to me, "O Abu al-Yaqzan (Ammar's nickname), would you like to go to these people and see how they are working?" I said, "If you wish." So we went to them and watched their work for a while, then sleep overcame us. Ali and I went and lay down in small palm groves and soft earth, and we slept. By God, nothing woke us up except the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, nudging us with his foot, as we were covered in dust from the soft earth in which we had slept. On that day, the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Ali ibn Abi Talib, "What is the matter with you, Abu Turab?" because of what he saw on his face.'" Dust... Ibn Ishaq said: Some scholars told me that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, named Ali Abu Turab (Father of Dust) because when he was displeased with Fatima about something, he would not speak to her or say anything she disliked, but would take dust and place it on his head. He said: When the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, saw dust on him, he knew that he was displeased with Fatima, so he would say: What is the matter with you, Abu Turab? God knows best which of these things was true.
And what is authentic of this is what al-Bukhari narrated in his Jami'
That the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, found him in the mosque, asleep, with dust on his side. So he began to brush the dust from his side, saying, "Get up, Abu Turab (Father of Dust)." He had gone out to the mosque in anger towards Fatimah. This is the meaning of the hadith. What Ibn Ishaq mentioned in the hadith of 'Ammar contradicts it, unless the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, addressed him with this nickname twice: once in the mosque, and once during this expedition.
Ibn Hajar said in Fath al-Bari:
"The expedition of al-'Ushayrah took place before Ali married Fatimah. If it is authentic, it is possible to reconcile it by saying that this was repeated by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, regarding Ali. And God knows best."
The Events
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, traveled through the pass of Banu Dinar, then through the plain of al-Khabar, and stopped under a tree in the valley of Ibn Azhar, called Dhat al-Saq. He prayed there... and food was prepared for him there, and he ate from it, and the people ate with him... and water was drawn for him from a place called al-Mushtarib. Then the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, departed, leaving the people to his left, and took a path called Shu'bat Abdullah... Then he turned left until he reached Yalil, and he stopped at its meeting place and the meeting place of al-Dab'ah, and he drew water from a well at al-Dab'ah. Then he took the path of Farsh, the path of Malal, until he met the road at Suhayrat, at Sukhayrat al-Yamam. Then the road straightened for him until he stopped at al-'Ushayrah in the valley of Yanbu', and he stayed there in Jumada. The first and the nights of Jumada al-Akhirah, and he found that the caravan and the caravan had passed him by days, and this is the caravan that became the reason for the great Battle of Badr, and he made peace with the Banu Mudlij and their allies from the Banu Damrah, then he returned to Medina and did not encounter any treachery.
The Treaty of Banu Mudlij and their allies from Banu Damra
During the Battle of al-Ushayrah, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) concluded a pact and treaty with Banu Mudlij and their allies from Banu Damrah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stipulated that they would not fight against Islam or obstruct its path. The text of the treaty and pact was as follows: “In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is a document from Muhammad, the Messenger of God, to Banu Damrah, guaranteeing their safety and the security of their lives and property, and granting them victory over anyone who attacks them, provided they do not fight in the cause of God as long as the sea is wet with wool (a metaphor for perpetuity and continuity). Furthermore, if the Prophet calls upon them for support, they shall respond. They are bound by the covenant of God and His Messenger.”
The Muslims gained several benefits from this Expedition
1- Instilling fear in the hearts of their enemies, the polytheists of Quraysh.
2- Establishing treaties with some tribes that had been cooperating with and assisting Quraysh in their war against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
3- Weakening the morale of Quraysh and disrupting their commercial activities.
4- Strengthening the Muslim army and training it—physically and psychologically—in patience and striving in the path of God.
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