غزوة أُحد The Battle of Uhud
لماذا سميت الغزوة بهذا الإسم؟
نظراً لجبل أُحد الذي أقيمت علي ظهره المعركة
عدد المسلمين المشاركين بالغزوة
ألف ومعهم فرسان
عدد المشركين بالغزوة
ثلاثة آلاف مقاتل، ومعهم (200) فرس
بين من والمسلمين هذه الغزوة؟
بين المسلمين وقريش
أسباب الغزوة
أ - لم تهدأ ثائرة قريش بعد هزيمتهم المنكرة في غزوة بدر ، وما خلّفه ذلك من مقتل خيرة فرسانها ، وجرحٍ لكرامتها ، وزعزعة لمكانتها بين القبائل ، فأجمعت أمرها على الانتقام لقتلاها ، وألهب مشاعرها الرغبة الجامحة في القضاء على الإسلام وتقويض دولته .
ب - كانت تجارة قريش قد تأثّرت بشدّة من الضربات المتكرّرة التي نفّذتها سرايا المؤمنين ، وما قامت به من التعرّض للقوافل التجارية من أجل قطع الإمدادات والمؤن التي كانت تأتيهم من الشام وما حولها ، فكان لذلك أثره في إنهاك قريش وإضعافها .
أحداث الغزوة
أ - فقام أبو سفيان في قومه يؤلّب على رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ويجمع القوّات
حتى بلغ لديه قرابة ثلاثة ألف رجل ومائتي فارس ، من قريش وما حولها من القبائل العربية ، ثم أمر أبو سفيان الجيش بأخذ النساء والعبيد ، حتى يستميت الناس في الدفاع عن أعراضهم ، وانطلقوا ميمّمين وجوههم شطر المدينة .
ب - رسالة عم الرسول العباس لرسول الله برسالة تحذيرية
وهنا أحسّ العباس بن عبدالمطّلب بخطورة الموقف – وكان يومئذٍ مشركاً – فبعث برسالة عاجلةٍ إلى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يخبره فيها بخبر القوم ، ويبيّن له إمكانات الجيش وقدراته الحربية ، لكن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أراد الاستيثاق مما ورد في هذه الرسالة ، فأرسل الحُباب بن المنذر بن جموح رضي الله عنه ليستطلع الخبر ، فعاد إليه مؤكّدا ما ورد في الرسالة .
ج - واجتمع رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بأصحابه ، وشاورهم في الخروج
من المدينة للقاء العدو ، أو البقاء فيها والتحصّن بداخلها ، فاختار بعضهم البقاء في المدينة ، ومال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إلى هذا الرأي ، بناءً على أن جموع قريش لن تقوى على القتال بين الأزقة والطرقات ، ويمكن للنساء والأبناء المشاركة في الدفاع عن المدينة من شرفات البيوت وأسطحها ، كما أنّ التحصّن فيها سيتيح فرصة استخدام أسلحةٍ لها أثرها في صفوف العدوّ كالحجارة ونحوها .
د - واختار الخروجَ إلى العدوّ الرجالُ المتحمّسون الذين حرموا من شهود يوم بدر
وتاقت نفوسهم إلى الجهاد في سبيل الله ، وطمعوا في نيل الشهادة ، فألحّوا على رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أن يخرج لقتالهم ، وقالوا له : " يا رسول الله ، كنّا نتمنّى هذا اليوم وندعو الله ، فقد ساقه إلينا وقرب المسير ، اخرج بنا إلى أعدائنا ، لا يرون أنا جبنّا عن لقائهم " ، وأمام هذا الإلحاح لم يجد النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بُدّاً من اختيار هذا الرأي ، فدخل بيته ولبس عدّة الحرب .
ه - ثم بدا لهم أنهم أكرهوا رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - على أمر لم يرده
وشعروا بحرج بالغ ، فتلاوموا فيما بينهم ، وأرسلوا إلى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حمزة بن عبدالمطلب ليعتذر عن ذلك فقال : " يا نبي الله ، إن القوم تلاوموا وقالوا : أَمْرُنا لأمرك تبع " ، لكن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - رأى أن من الحزم المضيّ قدماً في اختياره ، فقال : ( إنه لا ينبغي لنبي إذا لبس لأمته أن يضعها حتى يحكم الله )
و - وفي ليلة الجمعة تأهّب الناس للخروج ، واستعدّوا للقتال
وعيّن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من يقوم بحراسة المدينة ، ثم تحرّك الجيش المكوّن من ألف رجل وسلكوا طريقاً مختصراً تمرّ بأرض رجل منافقٍ ضريرٍ يقال له "ربعيّ بن قيظيّ " – وفي رواية " مربع بن قيظيّ " ، فلما أحسّ الرجل بالجيش جعل يحثو التراب في وجوههم ويقول : " لا أحلّ لكم أن تدخلوا حائطي " ، وذُكر أنه أخذ حفنةً من ترابٍ ثم قال : " والله لو أعلم أني لا أصيب بها غيرك يا محمد لضربتُ بها وجهك " ، فتواثب القوم إليه ليقتلوه لكن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - نَهَرهم وقال : ( لا تقتلوه ؛ فهذا أعمى القلب أعمى البصر) واستمرّ الجيش في مسيره حتى بلغوا بستاناً يُقال له " الشّوط "
ر - عندها انسحب عبدالله بن أبي بن سلول بحركة ماكرة ومعه ثلث الجيش
يريد أن يوهن من عزائم المسلمين ويفتّ في عضدهم ، ويوقع الفرقة في صفوفهم ، مبرّراً ذلك حيناً باستبعاده أن يحدث قتالٌ ، وحيناً باعتراضه على قرار القتال خارج المدينة ، وقائلاً : " أطاعَ الولدانَ ومن لا رأي له ، أطاعهم وعصاني ، علام نقتل أنفسنا ؟ " ، ولقد حاول عبدالله بن حرام رضي الله عنه أن يثنيهم عن عزمهم ، وقال لهم : " يا قوم ، أذكّركم الله أن لا تخذلوا قومكم ونبيّكم عندما حضر عدوّهم " ، فردّوا عليه : " لو نعلم أنكم تقاتلون لما أسْلمناكم ، ولكنّا لا نرى أن يكون قتالٌ " ، وسجل القرآن هذه الأحداث في قوله تعالى : { وما أصابكم يوم التقى الجمعان فبإذن الله وليعلم المؤمنين ، وليعلم الذين نافقوا وقيل لهم تعالوا قاتلوا في سبيل الله أو ادفعوا قالوا لو نعلم قتالا لاتبعناكم هم للكفر يومئذ أقرب منهم للإيمان يقولون بأفواههم ما ليس في قلوبهم والله أعلم بما يكتمون } ( آل عمران : 166 - 167 ) .وكاد هذا الموقف أن يؤثر على المؤمنين من بني سلمة وبني حارثة فيتبعوهم ولكن الله عصمهم بإيمانهم ، وأنزل فيهم قوله : { إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا والله وليّهما وعلى الله فليتوكل المؤمنون } ( آل عمران : 122)
ز - وفي يوم السبت وصل الجيش إلى جبل أحد وعسكر هناك ، واختار النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أرض المعركة
وقام بتقسيم أفراد الجيش إلى ثلاث كتائب
كتيبة المهاجرين: بقيادة مصعب بن عمير رضي الله عنه
وكتيبة الأوس: بقيادة أُسيد بن حضير رضي الله عنه
وكتيبة الخزرج: يحمل لواءها الحُباب بن المنذر رضي الله عنه
وردّ النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - صغار السنّ ومنعهم من المشاركة ، وبلغوا أربعة عشر غلاماً كما يذكر علماء السيرة ، ولم يستثن من الصغار سوى رافع بن خديج رضي الله عنه لبراعته في الرمي ، و سمرة بن جندب رضي الله عنه لقوّته الجسديّة .
س- ثم عرج النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إلى أصحابه فانتخب منهم خمسين رامياً
وأمّر عليهم عبدالله بن جُبير رضي الله ، وجعلهم على جبل يُقال له " عينيْن " يقابل جبل أحد ، وقال لهم : ( إن رأيتمونا تخْطفنا الطير فلا تبرحوا مكانكم هذا حتى أرسل إليكم ، وإن رأيتمونا هَزَمْنا القوم فلا تبرحوا حتى أرسل إليكم ، وانضحوا عنا بالنبل لا يأتونا من خلفنا ، إنا لن نزال غالبين ما ثبتم مكانكم ) ، ثم تقدّم النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إلى الصفوف فسوّاها ، ووضع أشدّاء المؤمنين في مقدّمتهم ، وقال: (لا يُقاتلنّ أحدٌ حتى نأمره بالقتال ) .
ش- وفي هذه الأثناء حاول أبو سفيان أن يُحدث شرخاً في صفوف المؤمنين
فعمد إلى الأنصار قائلا : " خلّوا بيننا وبين ابن عمّنا ؛ فننصرف عنكم ، ولا حاجة لنا بقتالكم " ، فقبّحوا كلامه وردّوا عليه بما يكره ، فجاء رجلُ يُقال له " أبو عامر الراهب " من أهل المدينة ، فأراد أن يثنيهم عن حرب قريش فقال : " يا معشر الأوس ، أنا أبو عامر " فقالوا له : " فلا أنعم الله بك عيناً يا فاسق " ، فلما سمعهم قال : " لقد أصاب قومي بعدي شرٌّ "
ص - وبدأت المعركة بمبارزة فريدة تبعها التحام بين الصفوف
واشتدّ القتال ، وحمي الوطيس ، وكان شعار المسلمين يومئذٍ : أمِتْ أمِتْ ، وأخذ النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - سيفاً له وقال : ( من يأخذ هذا السيف ؟) فبسطوا أيديهم يريدون أخذه ، فقال : (من يأخذه بحقه ؟) ، فأحجم القوم ، فقال أبو دجانة رضي الله عنه أنا آخذه يا رسول الله بحقه ، فما حقه ؟ ، فقال له : ( أن لا تقتل به مسلماً ، ولا تفرّ به عن كافر ) ، فدفعه إليه ، فربط على عينيه بعصابة حمراء ويجعل يمشي بين الصفين مختالاً في مشيته ، قائلاً :
أنا الذي عاهدني خليلي ونحن بالسفح لدى النخيل
ألا أقوم الدهر في الكيول أضرب بسيف الله والرسول
فنظر إليه رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال : ( إنها مشية يبغضها الله إلا في هذا الموضع ) ، يقول رواة السيرة : " فأخذ السيف فجعل يقتل به المشركين حتى انحنى "
ض - وبدأت ملامح النصر تظهر من خلال المواقف البطوليّة التي أظهرها المسلمون واستبسالهم في القتال
ومع تقهقر قريش وفرارهم أوّل الأمر ظنّ الرماة انتهاء المعركة ، ورأوا ما خلّفته من غنائم كثيرة فتحركت نفوسهم طمعاً في نيل نصيبهم منها ، فتنادوا قائلين : " الغنيمةَ أيها القوم ، الغنيمةَ ، ظهر أصحابكم فما تنتظرون ؟ " ، فقال أميرهم عبد الله بن جبير : " أنسيتم ما قال لكم رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - " ، فلم يلتفتوا إليه وقالوا : " والله لنأتين الناس فلنصيبنّ من الغنيمة " فغادروا أماكنهم متجهين صوب الوادي .
ط - ووجد خالد بن الوليد (وكان لم يُسلم بعد) في ذلك فرصةً سانحة كي يدير دفّة المعركة لصالح المشركين
وبالفعل انطلق مع مجموعة من الفرسان ليلتفّوا حول المسلمين ويحيطوا بهم من كلا الطرفين ، ففوجئ المسلمون بمحاصرتهم ، واستحرّ القتل فيهم ، وفرّ منهم من فرّ ، وتساقط الكثير منهم جرحى ، وفي هذه الأثناء انقطع الاتصال برسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .
نتائج الغزوة
أ – الإحساس بثقل الجراح وندم الرماة أن الهزيمة كانت بسببهم
رجع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والصحابة رضي الله عنهم مُثقَلين بالجراح، مُتعَبين ومتألمين على ما جرى، ولعل الرماة كانوا أكثرهم شعورًا بالندم والحسرة التي تأكل قلوبهم؛ لأنهم يشعرون أنَّ الذي حصل كان بسببهم، ولم يَبِتْ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلا ليلة واحدة، فقد صلَّى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بالناس صبح اليوم التالي، فأمر بلالًا بأن ينادي بالناس بأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدعوكم إلى أن تَلْقَوا عدوكم - يقصد جيش قريش - وخصَّ منهم ممن شارك في غزوة أحد حصرًا، فسمعوا وأطاعوا ونفروا جميعًا، حتى أولئك الْمُثْخنون بالجِراح الذين كانوا يداوون جراحاتهم نفروا، وكان منهم من فيه ثلاثة عشر جرحًا؛ وهو الطفيل بن النعمان رضي الله عنه، أما بخراش بن الصِّمَّة رضي الله عنه فبه عشر جراحات، وأُسَيد بن خُضير به سبع جراحات وغيرهم
ب- فخرجوا حتى بلغوا حمراء الأسد (تعتبر غزوة تابعة لغزوة لأُحد)
وبقوا فيها ثلاثة أيام ينتظرون عدوهم، ولكن الله تعالى ألقى الرعب في قلوب قادة قريش فولَّوا هاربين، ثم عاد جيش المسلمين إلى المدينة، وقد ردوا اعتبارهم.
ج - المخالفة التي سبقت مخالفة الرماة لأمر الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم
إن السبب الرئيس والشائع للهزيمة في تلك الغزوة عندالناس؛ علمائهم وعامَّتِهم هو مخالفة أمر نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من قِبل الرماة، الذين أمرهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بأن يكونوا على جبل أُحُدٍ، وألَّا يبرحوا أماكنهم، وهذا صحيح ولا شك، ولكنه ليس كل الحقيقة، فالمخالفة بدأت في أصل الخروج للمعركة وخطة الحرب، فإن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج لموقع المعركة عند جبل أُحُد مضطرًّا ونزولًا عند رغبة بعض الصحابة الذين ألحُّوا عليه بالخروج، وإلا فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يرغب بقتال المشركين داخل المدينة وبين أزِقَّتِها، فالرؤيا التي رآها صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه في درع حصينةٍ؛ أي: إن بقِيَ في المدينة يتحصن بها فهو في مأمن، ورؤيا الأنبياء وحيٌ، ومن هنا كانت المخالفة الأولى، ثم تبِعَتْها مخالفة الرماة
د – الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم قدوة حتي بالمخاطرة بالنفس في أرض المعركة
كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقود الغزوة بنفسه، وتعرَّض صلى الله عليه وسلم شخصيًّا لِما تعرض له مقاتلوه من شدة هجوم العدو، بل كان صلى الله عليه وسلم أول وأهم المستهدفين من قِبل العدو، فقد أحاطوا به صلى الله عليه وسلم وضربوه ونالوا منه، وقد كُسِرَت سنُّه صلى الله عليه وسلم التي بين الثنية والناب، وجُرح صلى الله عليه وسلم في رأسه، وكان الدم يسيل منه صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأوشك صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يموت في تلك المعركة، بل وقد أُشيع إنه صلى الله عليه وسلم قد مات، وذلك دليل صريح على صدق دعوته، وموافقة فعله لقوله، وأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم رمز للقائد الإيجابي المضحِّي بنفسه من أجل قضيته، والثابت على مبادئه.
علم نفس: هذا ما يحدث لدماغك عندما تفشل
في مقالها "ثمانية أسباب تجعلك سعيدًا عندما تفشل"
قالت روز كوستاس، "إننا نفشل لأننا ننمو ونستكشف ونريد حلولًا لمشاكل الحياة. عندما تفشل وتتغلب على خيبة أملك، فمن المرجح أن تحفر عميقًا في داخلك بحثًا عن القوة التي لم تكن تعلم بوجودها أبدًا. ستدرك من أي شيء أنت مصنوع حقًا ومدى مرونتك". الفشل أمر لا مفر منه. إن كيفية المضي قدمًا من الفشل تحدد ما إذا كان الفشل سيصبح عادة متأصلة بيولوجيًا أم ذاكرة مجزأة. ماذا ستختار؟
في كتابه التكيف: لماذا يبدأ النجاح دائمًا بالفشل
كتب تيم هارفورد، "نحن حريصون جدًا على عدم" وضع حد لقرار نندم عليه "لأننا ننتهي إلى إحداث المزيد من الضرر بينما نحاول محوه". يمكن أن تكون عملية التفكير التي ننخرط فيها بعد الفشل هي الشيء الذي يقوي أو يقلل من قدرتنا على النجاح في المساعي المستقبلية. كيف ندرب أنفسنا على الاستجابة بشكل إيجابي للهزيمة؟ عندما نفوز، يفرز دماغنا الإندورفين والدوبامين والسيروتونين، التي تشجعنا على الانخراط في مهمة ما مرة أخرى. وعندما نشعر بالفشل، يفرز دماغنا الكورتيزول ويتركنا مع مشاعر القبول والأمان.
الشاهد
من الهزيمة نتعلم كما جاء أعلي في الدراسة النفسية وننمو ونعرف كيف نحل مشاكلنا، ليس هذا هو المهم، الأهم ما علق الله به تعالي علي الفشل في غزوة أحد بالقرآن الكريم حيث قال تعالي في سورة آل عمران التي خلدت سورة أحد وأحداثها كلها: ﴿ فَرِحِينَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ وَيَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَلْحَقُوا بِهِم مِّنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ، الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ ۚ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا مِنْهُمْ وَاتَّقَوْا أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ) علي المستوي الشخصي: أنا اسمي هذه الآيات مجازاً " الحزن الإيجابي" والحزن الإيجابي مفاده: أن القلب يعتصر ألماً ولربما الدموع في العين لم تجف بعد، ولكن الأقدام تخطوا قدما للأمام ولا تنظر للوراء مطلقا، انظر: أجساد الصحابة بها جراح والجراح لا تنتظر بلا أدوية إلا أن تتقرح ، وعندما تتقرح الجراح تصبح مؤلمة حقاً، وفي هذه اللحظة تحديدا يأمرهم إلي ان يعودوا إلي أرض المعركة الغزوة الاحقة التي يعتبرها بعد المؤرخين أنها جزء من غزوة أُحد "غزوة حمراء الأسد" نستغفر الله من التعبير القادم: "أليس هذا ظلم؟" جراح مثخنة وأشلاء أصحاب واحباب وجيران من خيرة الصحابة أمام أعين المجروحين، أي فشل عملي وفشل معنوي، ويأمرهم الله عزوجل أن يتحركوا لمعركة جديدة !!! ليس هذا فحسب بل يطلب منهم ليس المقاتلة بل الإحسان "لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا مِنْهُمْ وَاتَّقَوْا أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ" والإحسان في اللغة العربية يأتي بمعنيان: الزيادة "التطوع" أو الإتقان والإكمال والتجويد في العمل، أو تأتي بالمعنيان احيانا، هل تعتقد أن هذا طبيعي في هذه المرحلة الحرجة التي يمر بها الصحابة ؟ هذا ما أكده علم النفس يا أخي، نحن لا ننمو إلا إذا تغلبنا علي أحزاننا ومشينا عليها بأقدام ثابته تنظر للأمام ولا تستدير للوراء من الأساس، هذه قوة نفسية لا يعرفها إلا المؤمنين حق الإيمان، فالناس مع الشدائد يحدث لها اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة ، وانظر لأعداء المسلمين ما يحدث نفسياً في جيوشهم وجنودهم - انتحار جماعي احيانا - ومصائب تحدث للمسلمين حتي هؤلاء لا يثبت فيهم إلا الجبال الرواسي أقصد المؤمني حق الإيمان، تجد عنده من المرونة النفسية التي تجعله يمر بجبال وهو ثابت وعليه سكينة وهدوء أنت حقا لا تستطيع إلا أن تقف أمامه مذهول بل تصفه أحيانا بالبرود أو أنه لا يشعر مثلنا ، هذا هو سر قوة الإيمان، هذا هو سر النمو مع الأحزان، هذا هو السر الذي يرضي الله به عن عباده، لذا يقول أيضاً في آية أخري "مَا أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ... سورة التغابن" وانظر: شيء طبيعي أن المؤمن قلبه مهتدي والله تعالي لم يقل في هذه الآية أنها زيادة ايمان بل هداية ، قال العلماء في تفسير هذه الآية: أن من يؤمن وقت نزول المصيبة - عافاك وعافانا الله - أنها بتقدير الله تعالي حتي لو بينك وبينها غريم - هذا صريح الإيمان الذي لا شرك فيه مطلقا - يهدي الله تعالي - قلب هذا الإنسان هداية لا يفهم هو أو من حوله من أين أتت، أهي من علم مكتسب أم من زيادة صلاة أم من ماذا ؟ والحقيقة أنها مجرد ايمان بالقضاء خيره وشره فقط وهي من أركان الإيمان علي ما نعتقد ، لذا لا تجعل بيتك مائل بسبب وقوع ركن أصيل يستند عليه " الإيمان بالقضاء والقدر" عندما تفشل، فالفشل جزء أصيل من هذه الحياة" دمت متحرك - دمت ايجابي - دمت مؤمن بالله حقا أنه لا يريد بك الشر مطلقا.
Why was the battle named as such?
Because of Mount Uhud, on whose summit the battle took place.
The Number of Muslims participating in the battle
One thousand, including horsemen.
The Number of polytheists in the battle
Three thousand fighters, including two hundred horses.
Between whom and the Muslims in this battle?
Between the Muslims and the Quraysh
The Reasons for the Expedition
A. The anger of the Quraysh did not subside after their humiliating defeat at the Battle of Badr, which resulted in the death of their best knights, a wound to their honor, and a weakening of their standing among the tribes. They resolved to avenge their dead, and their burning desire to eradicate Islam and dismantle its state inflamed their passions.
B. The trade of the Quraysh had been severely affected by the repeated attacks carried out by the Muslim expeditions, which targeted trade caravans to cut off supplies and provisions coming from Syria and the surrounding areas. This had a significant impact on exhausting and weakening the Quraysh.
The Events of the Expedition
A - Abu Sufyan rallied his people against the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) and gathered forces
He amassed approximately three thousand men and two hundred horsemen from Quraysh and the surrounding Arab tribes. Abu Sufyan then ordered the army to take the women and slaves captive, so that the people would fight fiercely to defend their honor. They then set out towards Medina.
B - The Messenger's Uncle Al-Abbas's Warning Message
At this point, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who was a polytheist at the time, sensed the gravity of the situation and sent an urgent message to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), informing him of the enemy's plans and detailing the army's capabilities and military strength. However, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to verify the information in this message, so he sent Al-Hubab ibn Al-Mundhir ibn Jamuh (may God be pleased with him) to investigate. Al-Hubab returned confirming the message's contents.
C. The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) met with his companions and consulted with them about leaving the Madinah
For confront the enemy or remaining and fortifying themselves within it. Some of them chose to stay in the city, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) inclined towards this opinion, based on the fact that the Quraysh forces would not be able to fight in the narrow streets and alleys, and that women and children could participate in the defense of the city from the balconies and rooftops. Furthermore, fortifying themselves within the city would allow them to use weapons that would be effective against the enemy, such as stones and the like.
D - The enthusiastic men who were deprived of witnessing the Battle of Badr chose to go out to the enemy
Their souls yearned for jihad in the cause of God, and they hoped to attain martyrdom. So they urged the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - to go out to fight them, and they said to him: “O Messenger of God, we have been longing for this day and praying to God, and He has brought it to us and made the journey near. Go out with us to our enemies, so that they do not think that we are cowardly in meeting them.” Faced with this insistence, the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - had no choice but to choose this opinion, so he entered his house and put on his armor.
F - Then it became clear to them that they had forced the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) into something he did not want
They felt deeply embarrassed and blamed one another. They sent Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) to apologize for this. Hamza said, "O Prophet of God, the people blamed one another and said, 'Our command is subject to your command.'" But the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) saw that it was prudent to proceed with his choice, so he said, "It is not befitting for a prophet, once he has donned his armor, to take it off until God has decreed otherwise."
G - On Friday night, the people prepared to go out and made ready for battle
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed someone to guard the city. Then the army, consisting of a thousand men, moved out and took a shortcut that passed through the land of a blind hypocrite called Rabi'i ibn Qayzi (or, in another narration, Murabba' ibn Qayzi). When the man sensed the army approaching, he began throwing dust in their faces and saying, "No!" “I permit you to enter my wall,” and it was mentioned that he took a handful of dirt and then said: “By God, if I knew that I would not hit anyone but you, O Muhammad, with it I would hit your face with it.” So, the people rushed towards him to kill him, but the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - rebuked them and said: “Do not kill him; for this man is blind of heart and blind of sight.” And the army continued on its way until they reached a garden called “Al-Shawt.”
H- Then Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul withdrew with a cunning maneuver, taking a third of the army with him
He wanted to weaken the Muslims' resolve and sow discord among them, justifying his actions sometimes by claiming that fighting was unlikely, and at other times by objecting to the decision to fight outside the city, saying, "He obeyed the children and those without opinions; he obeyed them and disobeyed me. Why should we kill ourselves?" Abdullah ibn Haram, may God be pleased with him, tried to dissuade them, saying, "O people, I remind you of God, do not abandon your people and your Prophet when their enemy is present." They replied, "If we knew you would fight, we would not have surrendered you, but we do not see any fighting." The Quran records these events in the verse: {And what befell you on the day the two armies met was by permission of God, so that He might distinguish the believers and distinguish those who were hypocrites. And it was said to them, "Come, fight in the cause of God or defend yourselves." They said, "If we knew there would be fighting, we would have followed you." They were nearer to disbelief that day than to faith, saying...} They say with their mouths what is not in their hearts, and God knows best what they conceal. (Al Imran: 166-167) This situation almost influenced the believers from Banu Salama and Banu Haritha to follow them, but God protected them because of their faith and revealed concerning them His words: “When two groups among you were about to lose heart, but God was their protector. And upon God let the believers rely.” (Al Imran: 122)
G- On Saturday, the army reached Mount Uhud and camped there. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) chose the battlefield.
He divided the army into three battalions:
The Emigrant Battalion: led by Mus'ab ibn 'Umair (may God be pleased with him)
The Aws Battalion: led by Usayd ibn Hudayr (may God be pleased with him)
The Khazraj Battalion: its banner carried by al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir (may God be pleased with him)
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent back the young boys and prevented them from participating. There were fourteen of them, as mentioned by biographers, and he made an exception for only one of the young boys. Rafi’ ibn Khadij, may God be pleased with him, for his skill in archery, and Samra ibn Jundub, may God be pleased with him, for his physical strength.
I - Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to his companions and selected fifty archers from among them.
He appointed Abdullah ibn Jubayr (may God be pleased with him) as their commander and positioned them on a hill called 'Aynayn, opposite Mount Uhud. He told them, "If you see us being snatched away by birds, do not leave your positions until I send for you. And if you see us defeating the enemy, do not leave your positions until I send for you. Defend us with your arrows so they do not attack us from behind. We will remain victorious as long as you hold your ground." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to the ranks and arranged them, placing the strongest of the believers at the front. He said, "No one should fight until we give the order to fight."
L- Meanwhile, Abu Sufyan tried to sow discord among the believers.
He approached the Ansar, saying, "Leave us alone with our cousin; we will leave you, and we have no need to fight you." They rebuked him harshly and responded in a way he disliked. Then a man from Medina called Abu 'Amir the Monk came and tried to dissuade them from fighting the Quraysh, saying, "O people of Aws, I am Abu 'Amir." They replied, "May God does not grant you peace, you wicked man!" When he heard them, he said, "My people have suffered greatly since my departure."
M - The battle began with a unique duel, followed by a clash between the ranks
The fighting intensified, and the battle raged fiercely. The Muslims' slogan that day was: "Kill! Kill!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took his sword and said, "Who will take this sword?" They stretched out their hands, wanting to take it. He said, "Who will take it with its due right?" The people hesitated. Abu Dujana (may God be pleased with him) said, "I will take it, O Messenger of God, with its due right. What is its due right?" He told him, “Do not kill a Muslim with it, nor flee from an infidel with it.” So he handed it to him, and he tied a red bandage over his eyes and began to walk between the two lines, strutting proudly, saying: “I am the one whom my friend pledged to me while we were at the foot of the palm trees
N - That I would never stand in the battle lines, striking with the sword of God and His Messenger.”
The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at him and said, “This is a gait that God dislikes, except in this situation.” The biographers say, “He took the sword and began to kill the polytheists with it until it bent.”
O - And the signs of victory began to appear through the heroic stances displayed by the Muslims and their valor in battle
With the retreat and flight of the Quraysh at first, the archers thought the battle was over. They saw the abundant spoils left behind, and their hearts stirred with greed to claim their share. They called out, “The spoils, O people! The spoils! Your companions have prevailed, so what are you waiting for?” Then their leader, Abdullah bin Jubair, said: “Have you forgotten what the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, told you?” But they did not pay attention to him and said: “By God, we will go to the people, and we will take our share of the spoils.” So, they left their places and headed towards the valley.
P - And Khalid ibn al-Walid (who had not yet embraced Islam) saw this as an opportune moment to turn the tide of the battle in favor of the polytheists.
Indeed, he set out with a group of horsemen to encircle the Muslims from both sides. The Muslims were taken completely by surprise, and a fierce battle ensued. Some fled, and many others fell wounded. During this time, contact with the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) was lost.
Q- And among the polytheists was a man called Ibn Qami'ah who attacked Mus'ab ibn 'Umair (may God be pleased with him) and killed him.
He likened Mus'ab to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the man began shouting, "I have killed Muhammad!" This rumor spread quickly among the people, and the Muslims scattered. Some of them stopped fighting, stunned by the surprise attack, while others regained their composure and sought death as the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) had died. Among them was Anas ibn al-Nadr (may God be pleased with him), who met his Lord with over eighty wounds on his body from sword blows, spear thrusts, and arrow shots to the point that his sister could only recognize him by a mark on his thumb. God revealed concerning him and those like him: {Among the believers are men true to what they promised God. Among them are some who have fulfilled their pledge, and some who await [its fulfillment]. And they did not alter [their commitment] in the least.} (Al-Ahzab: 23)
- While the Muslims were in their ordeal, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was facing death
The polytheists reached him, breaking his nose and tooth, and wounding his noble face until blood flowed. He wiped the blood from his face, saying, "How can a people prosper who wound their Prophet?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) realized that things would not return to normal except by breaking this tight siege imposed by the polytheists. So, he ascended the mountain with a group of his best companions, and they fought valiantly in his defense. History has immortalized the fighting of Abu Talha (may God be pleased with him) until his right hand was paralyzed and he was severely wounded; the stand of Nusaybah bint Ka'b (may God be pleased with her) as she shot arrows in defense of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); the stand of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas as he defended him and shot arrows at the polytheists; and the protection of Abu Dujana for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who made himself a shield for him (peace and blessings be upon him) until arrows rained down upon his back.
- And he went The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions
Were making their way towards the polytheists when Ka'b ibn Malik (may God be pleased with him) spotted them and called out at the top of his voice: "O Muslims, rejoice! This is the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)!" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) silenced him so that the polytheists wouldn't notice him. However, the news had already reached the Muslims, and they regained their composure and their morale soared, so the battle resumed with even greater ferocity. Ubayy ibn Khalaf approached on his horse, shouting at the top of his voice: "Where is Muhammad? I will not survive if he does!" A group of people rushed towards him to kill him, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) prevented them. When he drew near, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) stabbed him in the collarbone, and the blood gushed forth. He began to cry out, saying: "By God, Muhammad has killed me!" The polytheists said to him: "You are not hurt." He replied: "By God, if what I am suffering were inflicted upon the people of Dhu al-Majaz, they would all have died." He did not live long after that, and al-Usayrim - Amr bin Aqish - refused Islam, but on the day of Uhud, God cast Islam into his heart, so he embraced Islam and took his sword and fought until he was severely wounded, and no one knew about his situation. His people found him with a little breath left in him, and they said: By God, this is Al-Asayrim. Then they asked him: “What brought you here? To help your people, or out of desire for Islam?” He said: “Rather, out of desire for Islam. I believed in God and His Messenger and embraced Islam.” He died at that moment, and they mentioned him to the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and he testified that he would be in Paradise, and he never prostrated to God.
F- And God knew the worries, anxieties, fears, and pains afflicting His servants, so, He sent down upon them a drowsiness in which they slept for a short time
Then they awoke, their worries having vanished. Regarding this, God Almighty says: {Then He sent down upon you, after the anxieties, security [in the form of] drowsiness, overcoming a group of you} (Al Imran: 154). Abu Talha, may God be pleased with him, described that state, saying: “I was among those overcome by drowsiness on the day of Uhud, until my sword fell from my hand repeatedly. It would fall, and I would pick it up; it would fall, and I would pick it up again.”
Q- The battle resulted in the martyrdom of seventy Companions and the wounding of many others
After the polytheists withdrew, content with what they had achieved, the Muslims suffered defeat for the first time in their history as a result of disobeying the commands of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him. God revealed approximately fifty verses in Surah Al Imran concerning this battle, describing its events, explaining the reasons for victory and defeat, and other matters. Lessons and morals
The Results of the Battle
A - The feeling of the weight of the wounds and the archers' regret that the defeat was due to them
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions, may God be pleased with them, returned burdened with wounds, tired and pained by what had happened. Perhaps the archers were the most affected by the regret and anguish that consumed their hearts, because they felt that what had occurred was due to them. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, spent only one night in prayer. The following morning, he led the people in prayer and ordered Bilal to call out to the people that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was calling them to meet their enemy—meaning the army of Quraysh—specifically addressing those who had participated in the Battle of Uhud. They heard and obeyed and all marched forth, even those who were severely wounded and were tending to their injuries. Some of them had thirteen wounds. He was Tufayl ibn al-Nu'man, may God be pleased with him. As for Bakhrash ibn al-Simmah, may God be pleased with him, he sustained ten wounds, and Usayd ibn Khudayr sustained seven, and others.
B- They marched until they reached Hamra' al-Asad (considered a battle following the Battle of Uhud)
They remained there for three days awaiting their enemy, but God Almighty instilled fear in the hearts of the Quraysh leaders, and they fled. Then the Muslim army returned to Medina, having regained their honor.
C- The disobedience that preceded the archers' disobedience to the Prophet's command, may God bless him and grant him peace.
The main and most common reason for the defeat in that battle, according to people, was... Their scholars and common people alike disobeyed the Prophet's command, peace and blessings be upon him, by the archers. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered them to remain on Mount Uhud and not leave their positions. This is undoubtedly true, but it is not the whole truth. The disobedience began with the very decision to go to battle and the war plan. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, went to the battle site at Mount Uhud out of necessity and in response to the insistence of some of his companions. Otherwise, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, preferred to fight the polytheists within the city and its alleyways. The vision he saw, peace and blessings be upon him, that he was in a fortified shield meant that if he remained in the city and fortified himself there, he would be safe. The visions of the prophets are revelation, and this was the first instance of disobedience, followed by the archers' disobedience.
D - The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is a role model, even in risking his life on the battlefield
The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, personally led the expedition and was subjected to the same intense enemy attack as his fighters. In fact, he, peace and blessings be upon him, was the first and foremost target of the enemy. They surrounded him, struck him, and inflicted injuries upon him. His tooth between the incisor and canine was broken, and he was wounded in the head, bleeding profusely. He nearly died in that battle, and it was even rumored that he had passed away. This is clear evidence of the truth of his message, the consistency between his actions and words, and that he, peace and blessings be upon him, is a symbol of the positive leader who sacrifices himself for his cause and remains steadfast in his principles.
E - The visions of the prophets are true: The Prophet's vision of the slaughtered cow in a dream before the battle
Before the battle, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had a dream; He was in a strong fortress against the enemies and saw slaughtered cows. The visions of the prophets are revelation, so the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, interpreted the fortress as the city. He asked the people to stay in it and fortify themselves, and not to go out to the enemy, and they would be victorious over him. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, interpreted the cows as good. The truth is that the cows in the vision symbolized his companions, may God be pleased with them, who would be killed in that battle. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, knew this, but he did not reveal it so that the resolve of the fighters would not collapse. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, wanted to maintain their resolve, their good opinion, and their optimism for victory over the polytheists. This is the role of the successful leader. The truth is that dying for the truth and for Islam, advancing and not retreating, is a victory less than victory.
R - The punishment did not fall on the archers only, but on everyone.
Those who disobeyed the command of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, were not the entire army, but only the archers; that is, the few, but the punishment fell on everyone. Because God Almighty said in His Holy Book: “And fear a trial which will not strike exclusively those of you who have wronged and know that God is severe in punishment.” [Al-Anfal: 25] Therefore, God Almighty also says: “Indeed, God loves those who fight in His cause in ranks as though they were a solid structure.” Look, as though they were a solid structure, meaning they were all of one mind, not only in action but even in the organizational structure of the army. And the Messenger of God said: “Do not differ among yourselves, lest your hearts differ.”
G - The role of the hypocrites in the battle was negative, and this has always been their way
They resorted to these tricks to weaken the Muslim army and incite discord with the aim of weakening the Muslims. Despite the harm of the withdrawal, it was not without benefit for the Muslims. Because God, may His glory be exalted, describes them elsewhere, saying: “If they had gone forth with you, they would not have increased you except in confusion, and they would have spread discord among you, seeking to cause you strife. And among you are those who would listen to them. And God is Knowing of the wrongdoers.” [At-Tawbah: 47]
Q: Did God, may His glory be exalted, decree that the Muslims would lose this battle so that they would know that Islam is not a leisurely pursuit, but rather a demanding responsibility?
It requires taking all necessary measures, and being with a prophet of God, peace be upon him, does not mean that you are always victorious. Rather, victory depends on the strength of faith in God, may His glory be exalted, and on following the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and then taking the necessary steps to achieve victory. All of this is only possible with God's permission for a decisive victory. God Almighty said: “And God made it not but as good tidings for you and to reassure your hearts thereby. And victory is not but from God, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” [Al Imran: 126] And He also said: “And [you will receive] another [blessing] that you love: victory from God and an imminent conquest; and give good tidings to the believers.” [As-Saff: 13]
S - The gloating of the polytheists over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the believers
The Jews and hypocrites gloated when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Medina. The hypocrites and Jews openly displayed their gloating and malice, uttering the vilest words. Among them was Muhammad, who was nothing but a power-hungry individual. No prophet had ever suffered such a fate. He and his companions were wounded, and they said, "If one of you had been killed with us, he wouldn't have been killed." Ibn Abi began to rebuke his son Abdullah, who had been wounded in the Battle of Uhud. His son replied, "God did not do good to His Messenger." The Jews seized this opportunity to demoralize and discourage the Muslims.
R - If the spoils of war had continued in this manner, they would have claimed that Islam was an unjust religion, seeking to increase the Islamic economy by seizing the wealth of non-Muslims.
In all previous battles, including Uhud, the Muslims acquired substantial spoils in the form of prisoners, silver, money, and camels. Had these spoils continued in this manner, they would have claimed that Islam was an unjust religion, seeking to increase the Islamic economy by seizing the wealth of non-Muslims. However, victory sometimes belongs to the Muslims. And sometimes it is for others, so souls return to longing for the Hereafter and not being content with this world. One of the greatest trials is to remain victorious all the time, or for God—Exalted is He—to grant you all the time, whether you are obedient to Him or disobedient. At that moment, you feel that you are on the right path, or at the very least, that you are beloved by God. And God loves those who do good and perfect their deeds, even if this goodness comes from a disbeliever—so what about the obedient?
T - As for what was mentioned in this paragraph:
(– Al-Abbas sent an urgent message to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, informing him of the news of the people and explaining the army's capabilities and military strength. However, the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, wanted to verify what was mentioned in this message, so he sent Al-Hubab ibn Al-Mundhir ibn Jamuh, may God be pleased with him, to investigate the news. He returned to him confirming what was mentioned in the message.) This requires further consideration. God Almighty says, "O you who have believed, why do you say what you do not do?" But the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, says what he truly does. Verifying information is commanded in Islam. Note that Al-Abbas was the Prophet's uncle and very close to him in age, yet despite this, his words were not accepted without verification because he was a polytheist and had not yet embraced Islam. God Almighty also says, "If a disobedient person comes to you with news, investigate." The word "investigate" is in the form of a command, not a recommendation.

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