وفاة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم The death of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace

 السيرة النبوية مدعمة بعلم النفس والعلوم الحديثة The Prophet's biography is supported by psychology and modern science

تُوفي صلي الله عليه وسلم في بيت

توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حِجر عائشة

ميعاد الوفاة 

يوم الاثنين لشهر ربيع الأول من السنة الحادية عشرة من الهجرة

 

عُمره الشريف عند الوفاة صلي الله عليه وسلم 

تُوفي صلي الله عليه وسلم عن عمر 63 عام علي الأرجح 

ثبت أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم توفي سنة ١١ من الهجرة المباركة، والتي يقدرها العلماء بسنة ٦٣٣ من ميلاد عيسى عليه السلام، إلا أن عمره محل خلاف بين المؤرخين، فقد وردت روايات كثيرة في عمره، منها من قال إنه بلغ الستين، وقالوا إنه بلغ الثالثة والستين، وهو الأشهر، قالوا إنه بلغ الخامسة والستين. على سبيل المثال، هناك ثلاثة أحاديث في الصحيحين، كلها صحيحة، توضح مدة حياة النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عند وفاته، من ذلك الحديث في صحيح مسلم. قال النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم-: كنت جالسًا مع عبد الله بن عتبة، فذكرا سنين رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم-، فقال بعض الناس: كان أبو بكر أكبر من رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم-. قال عبد الله: توفي رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وهو ابن ثلاث وستين سنة، وتوفي أبو بكر وهو ابن ثلاث وستين سنة

ماذا فعل رسول الله عندما أصبح من ليلته هذه؟

ولما أصبح أرسل إلى فاطمة رضي الله عنها، فأخبرها بسرٍّ فبكت، ثم أخبرها بسرٍّ فضحكت. أخبرها أولًا أنه سيموت، وفي الثانية أخبرها أنها أول من يلحقَ به من أهله، ثم أرسل إلى الحسن والحسين، فقبلاهما ودعا لهما بالخير

ما المرض الذي مات به رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم؟ 

صداع في الرأس وحمي شديدة 

فقد روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت

 دخل علي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في اليوم الذي بدئ فيه فقلت وارأساه.. فقال وأنا وارأساه . الحديث.وعند الدارمي بلفظ: رجع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ذات يوم من جنازة بالبقيع فوجدني وأنا أجد صداعا وأنا أقول وارأساه فقال بل أنا يا عائشة وارأساه.. ثم بدئ  في وجعه الذي مات فيه.

وروى البيهقي والحاكم والبخاري في الأدب المفرد وصححه الألباني عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه

أنه دخل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو موعوك أي مريض عليه قطيفة فوضع يده عليه فوجد حرارتها فوق القطيفة فقال أبو سعيد ما أشد حماك يا رسول الله، قال: إنا كذلك يشتد علينا البلاء ويضاعف لنا الأجر.. الحديث.

احتمالية أن الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم  مات مسمومًا

 من هو الذي سمم الرسول؟ جاء في الصحيحين أنه قبل وفاته بثلاث سنوات أكل شاة مسمومة سممتها امرأة يهودية اسمها زينب بنت الحارث زوجة سلام بن مشكم أكلها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم رماها ولم يبتلعها، وربما تأثر بها، واحتجم بعد أكلها، وطلب من من أكل منها أن يحتجم أيضًا، فمات بعضهم

وقد ورد في حديث عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم

أن أم مبشر قالت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في مرضه الذي مات فيه: لا نتهمك يا رسول الله. لا أتهم ابني إلا الشاة المسمومة التي أكلها معكم بخيبر، قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا أتهم نفسي إلا بهذا، هذا أوان قطع أبهري

هل يُعتبر النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم مات شهيدًا؟

 هناك أقوال كثيرة حول هل كان رسول الله شهيدًا أم لا؟ ومنها قول ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه بعد وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "لأن أقسم على الله تسع مرات أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قتل أحب إليّ من أن أقسم قسمًا واحدًا، وذلك لأن الله تعالى جعله نبيا وشهيدًا، كما جاء في حديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (... ثم قال لهم: أتصدقونني عن شيء إذا سألتكم عنه؟ قالوا: نعم، فقال: هل وضعتم في هذه الشاة سمًا؟ قالوا: نعم، فقال: ما حملكم على ذلك؟ قالوا: أردنا إن كنت كاذبًا خفف عنك، وإن كنت نبيًا لم يضرك" (البخاري)

 ليلة وفاة النبي

خروجه صلي الله عليه وسلم لصلاة الفجر والمسلمون يصلون وراء أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه 

روى خادم رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أنس بن مالك -رضي الله عنه- أن المسلمين كانوا يصلون الفجر في المسجد  - يوم الاثنين -  فلما توفي النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- كان إمامهم في الصلاة أبو بكر -رضي الله عنه- فلما جاءهم رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فرح المسلمون فرحًا شديدًا حتى كادوا أن يذهلو في صلاتهم، فتأخر أبو بكر -رضي الله عنه- عن العودة ظانًا أن رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يريد أن يصلي معهم، فأشار إليه، فعاد إلى حجرته، ولم يخرج بعد ذلك لصلاة أخرى

السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها تُلين السواك لرسول الله 

ال ابن إسحاق : وحدثني يعقوب بن عتبة ، عن الزهري ، عن عروة ، عن عائشة ، قال : قالت : رجع إلي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في ذلك اليوم حين دخل من المسجد ، فاضطجع في حجري ، فدخل علي رجل من آل أبي بكر ، وفي يده سواك أخضر . قالت : فنظر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إليه في يده نظرا عرفت أنه يريده ، قالت : فقلت : يا رسول الله ، أتحب أن أعطيك هذا السواك ؟ قال : نعم ، قالت : فأخذته فمضغته له حتى لينته ، ثم أعطيته إياه ؛ قالت : فاستن به كأشد ما رأيته يستن بسواك قط ، ثم وضعه ؛ ووجدت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم [ ص: 655] يثقل في حجري ، فذهبت أنظر  في وجهه ، فإذا بصره قد شخص ، وهو يقول : بل الرفيق الأعلى من الجنة ، قالت : فقلت : خيرت فاخترت والذي بعثك بالحق قالت : وقبض رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

وصية رسول الله الأخيرة حين وفاته صلي الله عليه وسلم 

الصلاة وما ملكت أيمانكم 

كانَت عامَّةُ وصيَّةِ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ علَيهِ وسلَّمَ حينَ حضَرتهُ الوفاةُ وَهوَ يُغَرْغرُ بنفسِهِ صلي الله عليه وسلم:  الصَّلاةَ وما ملَكَت أيمانُكُم الراوي : أنس بن مالك | المحدث : الألباني | المصدر : صحيح ابن ماجه

شرح الحديث 

الصلاة وفهمناها، أما ما ملكت أيمانكم فهي كما جاء هنا: أي: خافوا اللهَ في كُلِّ ما تَملِكُه أيدِيكُم من آدَمِيٍّ وَرقيقٍ أو حَيوانٍ وَأمْوالٍ؛ فاتَّقوا اللهَ فيهم بِحُسْنِ المِلْكة، والقِيامِ بما يَحتاجونَه، وعَدمِ إهْمالِهم، وعَدمِ التَّفريطِ في حَقِّهِم، ولا تُكلِّفوهم مَا لا يُطيقونَه، مع تَعليمِ الآدَميِّينَ منهم ما لا بدَّ لهم منه من أمورِ الدِّينِ والدُّنيا، مع أداء حُقوقِ اللهِ في الأموالِ من الزَّكاة والصَّدَقاتِ. وفي رِوايَةٍ أخْرى لابن ماجَه: «فما زال يَقولُها حتى ما يَفيضُ بها لِسانُه»، أي: ظَلَّ النَّبيُّ صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ يُردِّدُ تلك الوَصيَّةَ تَأكيدًا وإسْماعًا لها فيمَنْ حَولَهُ حتى لم يَقدِرْ على أن يَتكَلَّمَ بِبيانٍ وإفْصاحٍ لما به من مَرضٍ وتَعبٍ.

وقع خبر وفاة الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم علي الصحابة الكرام 

كان عظم مصيبة المسلمين وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد أذهلت هذه المصيبة عقول أشجع الرجال، وأذهلت قلوب عقلائهم

موقف عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه -

كيف تعرف حال عمر بن الخطاب في عقله، ورصانته، وحكمته، وإلهامه؟ قام حين أفاقته المصيبة، وقال: يزعم المنافقون أن رسول الله قد مات، ولم يمت رسول الله. يقول: ما أصدق أنه مات. يقول عمر: بل ذهب إلى ربه كما ذهب موسى بن عمران، وغاب عن قومه أربعين ليلة، ثم رجع إليهم بعد ذلك. قال: مات. والله ليرجعن رسول الله أو لأقطعن أيدي وأرجل من يزعمون أنه مات

موقف أبي بكر الصديق - رضي الله عنه -

 وبينما هم على هذا الحال، إذ جاء الصديق أبو بكر - رضي الله عنه، وأرضاه ، وجزاه خيرًا على ما قدمه لأمة الإسلام - جاء الصديق من السنح (منطقة خارج المدينة) بعد أن بلغه الخبر. ما كان أحد منا ليتصور أن هذا الصحابي سيموت حزنًا وقلقًا وغمًّا على فراق الرسول، فلا شك أننا سنقول جميعًا إنه صادق. كان يحب رسول الله، وكان أقرب الناس إلى قلب رسول الله. جاء أبو بكر على فرسه من منزله من "موضع" السنح، ونزل في مسجد رسول الله. ولم يخطب الناس، بل دخل المسجد، ومن هناك دخل بيت عائشة،  حيث توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجرها، فجاء إلى رسول الله وهو مُلتحف بثوب، فكشف عن وجهه، ثم انحنى عليه، ثم اتكأ عليه، فقبله وبكى، ثم قال: بأبي أنت وأمي، لا يجمع الله عليك موتتين، وأما الموتة التي كتبت عليك فقد مت، ثم خرج إلى الناس، فوجد عمر في وعمر يُكلّم الناس، فقال: "اجلس"، فأبى، فقال: "اجلس"، فأبى، فتشهد أبو بكر، فمال إليه الناسُ، وتركوا عمر، فقال: "أما بعد، فمَن كان منكم يعبد محمدًا ﷺ، فإنَّ محمدًا ﷺ قد مات، ومَن كان يعبد الله، فإنَّ الله حيٌّ لا يموت، قال الله تعالى: وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ [آل عمران:144]"، فوالله لكأنَّ الناس لم يكونوا يعلمون أنَّ الله أنزل الآيةَ حتى تلاها أبو بكر، فتلقَّاها منه الناس، فما يسمع بشر إلا يتلوها، فلما سمع عمر هذه الآية، ذهب عنه ما كان فيه وما وجد، ووقف عند كتاب الله، فقال رضي الله عنه: والله ما سمعت أبا بكر يتلوها إلا شللت حتى عجزت رجلاي عن حملي، حتى خررت إلى الأرض، فلما سمعته يتلوها، علمت أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قد مات.

موقف أنس بن مالك - رضي الله عنه -

روى المؤرخون وكتاب السير عن أنس بن مالك - رضي الله عنه - أحاديث عدة قالها يوم وفاة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، ومن ذلك ما رواه ابن سعد في الطبقات الكبرى أنه قال: رأيته يوم دخل المدينة، ما رأيت يومًا أحسن ولا أشرق من يوم دخوله علينا، وشهدته يوم وفاته، وما رأيت يومًا أقبح ولا أظلم من اليوم الذي مات فيه، مات صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهنا يعبر أنس - رضي الله عنه - عن حالته النفسية يوم وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.

نستفيد من وفاته صلي الله عليه وسلم 

1- لكل حي يوم سيفارق فيه عالم الأحياء ويتجه لعالم مختلف عالم الأموات وهو عالم خفي لا يعلمه إلا من جرب الموت وهو اقرب ما يكون لإحساس النائم ، عالم آخر لا يشعر فيه الإنسان إلا أنه في عالم حقيقيي ، فهذا رسول الله أحب خلق الله إلي الله تبارك وتعالي ومع هذا فارق الحياة، فلا خلود في الأرض كما يدعي بعض الغرب الآن. 

2- أعمار أمة محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم  ما بين الستين والسبعين، فكل من قرب من هذا السن فليحضر إجاباته، فقد حان العرض علي الله تبارك وتعالي  

3- كل مفارق لحبيب يكاد القلب يتقطع حسرة عليه ، فما بال أصحاب النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم  كيف كان وقع وصدمتهم في هذا التوقيت؟ 

4- هناك في علماء الحياة (الايف كوتشنج) يقولون ان في الأوقات الحرجة التي يخرج فيها الإنسان من حال إلي حال مغاير تماما يقع الإنسان تحت ما يسمي "منحني التغير" الذي يبدأ بالإنكار والصدمة وينتهي بالقبول بالأمر الواقع، ويقولون: أن كل إنسان علي حسب نضجه النفسي يكون وقع الصدمات النفسية عليه وخاصة العنيف منها، هل لاحظت موقف سيدنا عمر من موقف سيدنا أبو بكر رضي الله عنهما، سيدنا عمر علق  في الصدمة والإنكار إلي  ان استفاق في نفس المجلس علي الآية الكريمة وكأنه أول مرة يسمعها ، أما أبو بكر الصديق  فقد أخذ الدفة والحزن يملأ القلب لإحقاق الحق ، وهي حقيقة شخصية فريدة في ابو بكر الصديق  رضي الله عنه وأرضاه فقد عرف عنه طيلة عمره علي انه رقيق القلب لا يعنف احد حتي هذه اللحظة للدرجة التي يروي بعض أهل السيرة أنه رضي الله عنه كانت له خوخة "بيت صغير بجانب بيته" يقرأ فيه القرآن ويصلي فيه فكانت النساء تبكي لبكاءه ولسماع صوته في القرآن، أي ما كانت صحة هذا الخبر، إلا أن خبر وفاة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم حوله تحويلا جذرياً من هذا الشخص الرقيق لشخص آخر مليء بالقدرة علي امتلاك زمام النفس وقيادة الآخرين بحكمة وبصيرة وإعادة الأمور إلي نصابها " من كان يعبد محمدا إلي آخر كلامه رضي الله عنه" وقد فهمنا سر هذا التحويل، فإن علماء الشخصية يذكرون لنا أن هناك عوامل كثيرة تتغير فيها الشخصية ولا تعود لسابق عهدها ابدا منها "المرور بالمواقف العصيبة" 

5- حبيبي رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم قبل موته يريد أن يتطهر فنظر للسواك ليطهر فمه الشريف الذي طالما تغني بالقرآن قبل أن يقابل ربه ، وطهر فمه وقال بعدها بل الرفيق الأعلي 

6 -أما شبهة أنه مات مسموماً صلي الله عليه وسلم ، فالحياة مليئة بالشر والأشرار، وما وظيفة الأشرار بجانب الله القهار؟ إلا تنفيذ إرادة الله تبارك وتعالي، فقد كان الرئيس الألماني هتلر يقول عن نفسه: نحن عصا الله في الأرض ، فقط نتذكر لا يحدث في ملك  الله إلا ما أراده الله، ومن يقتلون بدم بارد علي أيدي المسلحين هنا وهناك من أي خلفية دينية أو عسكرية، نقول لأهاليهم: لا احد يعلم كيف وأين سيموت، الأهم أن من كمال توحيد الله تعالي أن نعلم أن  الله وبنفسه تبارك وتعالي أراد مثل هذه الموتة لنبيه وحبيبه ومصطفاه، فمن نحن ، فلا سامح من قتل، ويبقي الأجر والشهادة لمن مات شهيداً

طبت حياً وميتاً يارسول الله ولعلنا نلقاك عند الحوض لأول مرة، ولا تطردنا من جنابك ولا تقول لنا سحقا سحقا ولا بعدا بعدا عياذاً بالله

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away in his home

The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away in the lap of Aisha.

The Date of death

Monday, the month of Rabi' al-Awwal, in the eleventh year after the Hijra.

His age at death (peace and blessings be upon him)

He passed away (peace and blessings be upon him) at the age of 63, most likely.

It is established that the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away in the eleventh year of the blessed Hijra, which scholars estimate to be 633 CE. However, his age is a matter of scholarly debate. Many accounts exist regarding his age; some say he was sixty, others sixty-three (the most widely accepted), and still others sixty-five. For example, there are three authentic hadiths in the two Sahihs (Bukhari and Muslim) that clarify the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) age at the time of his death. One such hadith is found in Sahih Muslim. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I was sitting with Abdullah ibn Utbah, and they were discussing the ages of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him). Some people said: 'Abu Bakr was older than the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him).'" Abdullah said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) died at the age of sixty-three, and Abu Bakr died at the age of sixty-three.

What did the Messenger of God do when morning came?

When morning came, he sent for Fatima (may God be pleased with her) and told her a secret, and she wept. Then he told her another secret, and she laughed. He first told her that he was going to die, and then he told her that she would be the first of his family to join him. Then he sent for Hasan and Husayn, and they embraced him and prayed for their well-being.

What illness did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) die from?

A severe headache and high fever

Imam Ahmad narrated in his Musnad on the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) who said

"The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon me on the day his illness began, and I said, 'Oh, my head!' He replied, 'And I say, 'Oh, my head!'" The hadith continues. Ad-Darimi narrated with the wording: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned one day from a funeral in al-Baqi' and found me suffering from a headache, saying, 'Oh, my head!' He said, 'Rather, it is I, Aisha, who should say, 'Oh, my head!' Then his illness began, from which he died."

Al-Bayhaqi, al-Hakim, and al-Bukhari in al-Adab al-Mufrad, and it was authenticated by al-Albani, narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him)

"He entered upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was ill, covered with a blanket. He placed his hand on him and felt its heat through the blanket. Abu Sa'id said, 'How severe your fever is, O Messenger of Allah!' He replied, 'That is how it is for us; our trials intensify, and our reward is multiplied.'" The hadith continues.

The Possibility of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Dying of Poisoning

Who poisoned the Prophet? It is narrated in the two Sahihs (Bukhari and Muslim) that three years before his death, he ate a poisoned sheep. It was poisoned by a Jewish woman named Zaynab bint al-Harith, the wife of Sallam ibn Mishkam. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ate it, then spat it out and did not swallow it. He may have been affected by it, and he underwent cupping after eating it. He also asked those who had eaten it to do the same, and some of them died.

It is also narrated in a hadith from him (peace and blessings be upon him)

Umm Mubashir said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) during his final illness: “We do not accuse you, O Messenger of God. I only accuse my son of the poisoned sheep he ate with you in Khaybar.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “I only accuse myself of this. This is the time when my aorta will be severed.

Is the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) considered to have died a martyr?

There are many opinions regarding whether the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) was a martyr or not. Among them is the statement of Ibn Masoud, may God be pleased with him, after the death of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace: “For me to swear to God nine times that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was killed is more beloved to me than to swear once, because God Almighty made him a prophet and a martyr, as it came in the hadith of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace: (... Then he said to them: Will you tell me the truth about something if I ask you about it? They said: Yes. He said: Did you put poison in this sheep? They said: Yes. He said: What made you do that? They said: We wanted if you were lying, it would lighten your punishment, and if you were a prophet, it would not harm you) (Al-Bukhari).

The Night of the Prophet's Death

His (peace and blessings be upon him) Going Out for Fajr Prayer and the Muslims Praying Behind Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him)

Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), the servant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)

 narrated that the Muslims used to pray Fajr in the mosque on Mondays. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) led them in prayer. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to them, the Muslims rejoiced greatly, almost becoming distracted in their prayer. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) delayed his return, thinking that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to pray with them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) signaled to him, so he returned to his room and did not come out again for another prayer.

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) Softens the Miswak for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)

Ibn Ishaq said: Yaqub ibn Utbah narrated to me, on the authority of Az-Zuhri, on the authority of Urwah, on the authority of Aisha, who said: She said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to me that day when he entered from the mosque and lay down in my lap. Then a man from the family of Abu Bakr entered upon me, holding a siwak (tooth-cleaning stick). She said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at it in his hand with a look that indicated he wanted it. She said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, would you like me to give you this siwak?" He said, "Yes." She said: So, I took it and chewed it for him until it softened, then gave it to him. She said: He used it as vigorously as I had ever seen him use a siwak, then he put it down. I felt the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) [p. 655] grow heavy in my lap, so I went to look at his face, and his gaze was fixed, and he was saying, "Rather, the highest companionship in Paradise." She said: So, I said, "You were given a choice, and you chose, by the One Who sent you with the truth." She said: And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away.

The Prophet's Last Will and Testament (peace and blessings be upon him)

Prayer and what your right hands possess (i.e., slaves)

The Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) general will and testament as death approached him and he was breathing his last was Prayer and what your right hands possess (i.e., slaves). Narrated by: Anas bin Malik | Authenticated by: Al-Albani | Source: Sahih Ibn Majah

The Explanation of the Hadith

We understand prayer, but as for what your right hands possess, it is as it appears here: meaning, fear God in all that you possess, whether human beings, slaves, animals, or wealth. Fear God in your dealings with them by treating them well, providing for their needs, not neglecting them, not failing to fulfill their rights, and not burdening them with what they cannot bear. Teach the human beings among them what they need in matters of religion and worldly affairs, while fulfilling God’s rights regarding wealth through zakat and charity. In another narration by Ibn Majah: “He kept saying it until his tongue could no longer utter it,” meaning: the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, kept repeating that advice to emphasize and make it heard by those around him until he was unable to speak clearly and explicitly because of his illness and fatigue.

The news of the Prophet's death, peace and blessings be upon him, struck the noble Companions

The death of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was a great calamity for the Muslims. This tragedy overwhelmed the minds of the bravest men and stunned the hearts of the wisest among them.

The stance of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him

How do you perceive the state of Umar ibn al-Khattab in terms of his intellect, composure, wisdom, and divine inspiration? When the calamity struck him, he stood up and said: "The hypocrites claim that the Messenger of God has died, but the Messenger of God has not died." He said: "I do not believe that he has died." Umar said: "Rather, he has gone to his Lord as Moses, son of Imran, went and was absent from his people for forty nights, then returned to them after that." He said: "He has died. By God, the Messenger of God will return, or I will cut off the hands and feet of those who claim that he has died."

The stance of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him

While they were thus engaged, Abu Bakr – may God be pleased with him and reward him for his service to the Muslim community – arrived from As-Sunh (a region outside Medina) after receiving the news. None of us could have imagined that this companion would die of grief, anxiety, and sorrow over the Prophet's passing. We would all undoubtedly agree that he was sincere. He loved the Messenger of God and was the closest person to his heart. Abu Bakr rode his horse from his home in As-Sunh and dismounted at the Prophet's mosque. He did not address the people but entered the mosque and from there went to Aisha's house, where the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, had passed away in her lap. He came to the Prophet, who was covered with a garment, and uncovered his face. Then he bent down, leaned against him, kissed him, and wept. He then said, "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you! May God does not cause you to die twice! As for the death that was decreed for you, you have died. Then he went out to the people and found Umar among them, and Umar was speaking to the people. He said, "Sit down," but he refused. He said, "Sit down," but he refused. Then Abu Bakr recited the testimony of faith, and the people turned to him and left Umar. He said, "Now then, whoever among you worshipped Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), then Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has died. And whoever worshipped God, then God is alive and does not die. God Almighty said: 'Muhammad is not but a messenger. [Other] messengers have passed on before him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels [to unbelief]? And he who turns back on his heels will never harm God at all; but God will reward the grateful.'" [Al-Furqan 34:14] [Imran: 144], and by God, it was as if the people did not know that God had revealed the verse until Abu Bakr recited it, and the people received it from him, and no one heard it except that he recited it. When Umar heard this verse, what he was in and what he found went away from him, and he stood at the Book of God, and he said, may God be pleased with him: By God, I never heard Abu Bakr recite it except that I became paralyzed until my legs were unable to carry me, until I fell to the ground. When I heard him recite it, I knew that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had died.

The Stance of Anas ibn Malik (may God be pleased with him)

Historians and biographers have narrated several hadiths from Anas ibn Malik (may God be pleased with him) on the day of the Prophet's death (peace and blessings be upon him). Among these is what Ibn Sa'd narrated in his Tabaqat al-Kubra: "I saw him the day he entered Medina. I never saw a day more beautiful or brighter than the day he entered among us. And I witnessed his death, and I never saw a day uglier or darker than the day he died (peace and blessings be upon him)." Here, Anas (may God be pleased with him) expresses his emotional state on the day of the Prophet's death (peace and blessings be upon him).

The lessons we learn from his death (peace and blessings be upon him)

1- Every living being has a day when they will depart from the world of the living and enter a different world—the world of the dead. This is a hidden world, known only to those who have experienced death, and it is closest to the sensation of sleep. It is another world where one feels as though they are in the real world. This is the Messenger of God, the most beloved of God's creation to God Almighty, yet he departed this life. There is no immortality on Earth, as some in the West claim today.

2. The ages of the Muslim community are between sixty and seventy. Therefore, whoever is approaching this age should prepare their answers, for the time has come to present themselves before God, the Blessed and Exalted.

3. Every person who is separated from a loved one feels their heart break with sorrow. So how did the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) experience the impact and shock of this loss at that time?

4- Some life coaches say that during critical times when a person transitions from one state to a completely different one, they fall under what is called the "change curve," which begins with denial and shock and ends with acceptance of the new reality. They say that the impact of psychological shocks, especially violent ones, varies from person to person according to their psychological maturity. Consider the contrast between the actions of Umar and Abu Bakr (may God be pleased with them both). Umar was initially in shock and denial until he awoke in the same gathering to the verse, as if hearing it for the first time. Abu Bakr, on the other hand, took the reins, his heart filled with sorrow, to uphold the truth. This is a unique aspect of Abu Bakr's character. He was known throughout his life for his gentle heart, never harsh with anyone, even up to that point. Some biographers even recount that he had a small room next to his house where he would recite the Quran and pray, and women would weep at his weeping and at hearing his voice reciting the Quran. Regardless of the veracity of this account, the news of the Prophet's death (peace and blessings be upon him) transformed him radically from this gentle person into someone else entirely. With the ability to control oneself and lead others with wisdom and insight, and to set things right, as in the words of the Prophet Muhammad (may God be pleased with him), "Whoever worships Muhammad..." and so on. We understand the secret of this transformation. Personality experts tell us that there are many factors that can change a person's character, never to return to its former state, including "experiencing difficult situations."

5- My beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), before his death, wanted to purify himself. He looked for a siwak (tooth-cleaning stick) to cleanse his blessed mouth, which had so often recited the Quran, before he met his Lord. He cleansed his mouth and then said, "Rather, the Highest Supreme."

6- As for the suspicion that he (peace and blessings be upon him) died from poisoning, life is full of evil and evildoers. What is the role of evildoers besides God, the Almighty? Except for the implementation of the will of God Almighty, the German leader Hitler used to say of himself: "We are God's staff on earth." We only remember that nothing happens in God's kingdom except what God wills. And to those who are killed in cold blood by armed men here and there, regardless of their religious or military background, we say to their families: No one knows how or where they will die. The most important thing is that it is part of the perfection of monotheism to know that God Himself, may He be blessed and exalted, willed such a death for His Prophet, His beloved, and His chosen one. So who are we? May God not forgive those who kill, and may the reward and martyrdom remain for those who die as martyrs.

May you be blessed in life and in death, O Messenger of God, and perhaps we will meet you at the Basin for the first time. Do not turn us away from your presence, nor say to us, "Away, away!" or "Be gone, be gone!" God forbids!