السيدة حفصة بنت عمر بن الخطاب The Lady Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab
أمهات المؤمنين The Mothers of the Believers
الاسم
حفصة بنت أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب ، وأمها زينب بنت مظعون رضي الله عنهم أجمعين .
النسب
وأمها زينب بنت مظعون بن حبيب بن وهب بن حذافة بن جمح، أخت عثمان بن مظعون رضي الله عنه، والسيدة حفصة أختٌ شقيقةٌ لسيدنا عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهم وأسنّ منه؛ قال الحافظ ابن حجر: وكان مولده في السنة الثانية أو الثالثة من المبعث؛ لأنه ثبت أنه كان يوم بدر بن ثلاث عشرة سنة وكانت بدر بعد البعثة بخمس عشرة سنة
ولادتها - رضي الله عنها -
قرابتها من رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
الزواج قبل رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
ولدت في مكة قبل البعثة بخمس سنوات – وهو العام الذي شارك فيه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في بناء الكعبة - ، ولما بلغت سنّ الزواج تقدّم إليها خُنيس بن حُذافة السهمي فتزوّجها ، حتى جاء ذلك اليوم المبارك الذي أشرقت فيه نفوسهما بأنوار الإيمان ، واستجابا لدعوة الحق والهدى ، فكانا من السابقين الأوّلين ، ولما أذن الله للمؤمنين بالهجرة ، هاجر خُنيس إلى الحبشة في الهجرة الأولى سنة خمسة من الهجرة ولم تذكر المصادر هجرة السيدة حفصة معه ولعلَّها بقيت بمكة، ثم عاد إليها، ثم هاجر بعد ذلك هو وزوجه السيدة حفصة رضي الله عنها من مكة إلى المدينة، فهي من المهاجرات.، لحقت حفصة وزوجها بركاب المؤمنين المتّجهة صوب المدينة ، حتى استقرّ بهم الحال هناك ، وما هو إلا قليلٌ حتى بدأت مرحلة المواجهة بين المؤمنين وأعدائهم ، فكان خنيس من أوائل المدافعين عن حياض الدين ، فقد شهد بدراً وأحداً ، وأبلى فيهما بلاء حسنا ، لكنّه خرج منهما مثخناً بجراحات كثيرة ، ولم يلبث بعدها إلا قليلا حتى فاضت روحه سنة ثلاث للهجرة ، مخلّفا وراءه حفصة رضي الله عنها.
مشاعر سيدنا عمر بن الخطاب تجاه وفاة زوج ابنته – رضي الله عنهما وارضاهما -
شقّ ذلك على سيدنا عمر – رضي الله عنه - واكتنفته مشاعر الشفقة والحزن على ابنته ، فأراد أن يواسيها في مصابها ، ويعوّضها ذلك الحرمان ، فقام يبحث لها عن زوجٍ صالح ، حتى وقع اختياره على عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه ، فأآتاه فعرض عليه ابنته لفضله ومكانه ومنزلته ، يقول عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه : " لقيت عثمان بن عفان ، فعرضت عليه حفصة ، فقلت : إن شئت زوّجتك حفصة بنت عمر ، قال عثمان : سأنظر في أمري ، فلبث عثمان ليالي ، ثم اعتذر لعمر بأنه لا رغبة له في الزواج ، قال عمر : فلقيت أبا بكر ، فقلت : إن شئت زوّجتك حفصة بنت عمر ، فسكت أبو بكر ، ولم يُرجِع إلى عمر بجواب ، قال عمر : فكان غضبي من فعل أبي بكر وعدم ردّه أشدّ من غضبي لرد عثمان ، قال عمر : فلبثت ليالي ، ثم خطبها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فزوّجته إياها ، فلقيني أبو بكر ، فقال: لعله كان في نفسك شيءٌ عليّ حين لم أُرجع إليك جواباً في حفصة ؟ ، قلت : نعم ، قال : فإنه لم يمنعني من ذلك إلا أني قد علمت أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد ذكرها ، فلم أكن لأفشي سر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ولو تركها لقبلتها ".
الزيجة المباركة بالنبي صلي الله عليه وسلم
النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم سنة ثلاث، وقيل: سنة اثنتين
طلاقها تطليقة من رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
وقيل: بأنَّ النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم تزوجها سنة اثنتين أو ثلاث من الهجرة، ثم طلقها،علم عمر بن الخطاب بطلاقها، حثى على رأسه التراب، وقال: ما يعبأ الله بعمر وابنته بعد اليوم؛ فعن قيس بن زيد: أن النبي طلَّق حفصة بنت عمر تطليقة، فدخل عليها خالاها قدامة وعثمان ابنا مظعون، فبكت وقالت: والله ما طلَّقني عن سبع.وجاء النبي فقال: " قَالَ لِي جِبْرِيلُ: رَاجِعْ حَفْصَةَ؛ فَإِنَّهَا صَوَّامَةٌ قَوَّامَةٌ، وَإِنَّهَا زَوْجَتُكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ "
مواقف في بيت النبوة
1- نهلها من علم رسول الله رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
وهكذا شرّفها الله سبحانه لتكون زوجة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، تقتبس من أنواره ، وتنهل من علمه ، بما حباها الله من ذكاءٍ وفطنةٍ ، وشغفٍ للمعرفة ، ونلمس ذلك من أسئلتها التي تلقيها على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استفهاماً للحكمة واستيضاحاً للحقيقة ، فمن ذلك أنها سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول (يأتي جيش من قبل المشرق يريدون رجلا من أهل مكة ، حتى إذا كانوا بالبيداء خُسف بهم ، فرجع من كان إمامهم لينظر ما فعل القوم ، فيصيبهم مثل ما أصابهم فقالت : يا رسول الله ، فكيف بمن كان منهم مستكرها ؟ ، فقال لها : يصيبهم كلهم ذلك ، ثم يبعث الله كل امرئ على نيته)
2- السؤال من علم رسول الله عن قوله تعالي (وإن منكم إلا واردها)
وعنها أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( إنى لأرجو أن لا يدخل النار إن شاء الله أحداً شهد بدراً والحديبية فقالت: أليس الله عز وجل يقول : { وإن منكم إلا واردها } ، فأجابها : { ثم ننجي الذين اتقوا ونذر الظالمين فيها جثيّا } ( مريم : 72) يقول الإمام النووي معلّقا : " فيه دليل للمناظرة والاعتراض ، والجواب على وجه الاسترشاد ، وهو مقصود حفصة ، لا أنها أرادت رد مقالته صلى الله عليه وسلم "
3- السؤال من علم رسول الله عن تفاصيل حول العمرة
ولما أمر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نساءه أن يحللن بعمرة قالت له : ما يمنعك يا رسول الله أن تهلّ معنا ؟ ، قال : ( إني قد أهديت ولبدت ، فلا أحل حتى أنحر هديي )
4- إخبارها عن حال رسول الله صلي اله عليه وسلم في بيتها
فنجدها تقول : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم ثلاثة أيام من الشهر : الإثنين والخميس ، والإثنين من الجمعة الأخرى ، وتقول :كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أوى إلى فراشه وضع يده اليمنى تحت خده وقال ( رب قني عذابك يوم تبعث عبادك ) ثلاث مرات
رُوي لها ستون حديثًا، أخرج البخاري منها ثلاثة.
8- روايتها لعلم رسول الله: عن صلاة ركعتين خفيفتين قبل الفجر
روت السيدة حفصة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ستين حديثًا منها 10 في الصحيحين، وروى عنها عبد الله أخوها، وصفوان بن أمية، وأم مبشر الأنصارية. ومن مروياتها عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه كان إذا سكت المؤذن من الأذان لصلاة الصبح، وبدا الصبح ركع ركعتين خفيفتين قبل أن تُقام الصلاة. (رواه مسلم)
9 - اشتهرت السيدة حفصة -رضي الله عنها- بالغَيرة على رسول الله
بين زوجاته الأخريات، لذا فقد ورد عن عائشة رضي الله عنها: أن نساء النبي كنَّ حزبين؛ حزب فيه: عائشة، وحفصة، وصفيَّة، وسودة، وحزب فيه: أُمُّ سلمة، وسائر أزواج النبي، وقد جاء في سبب نزول قوله تعالى: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاةَ أَزْوَاجِكَ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [التحريم: )1 أن مارية القبطيَّة المصريَّة أُمَّ ولد النبي إبراهيم، قد أصابها النبي في بيت السيدة حفصة وفي يومها، فوجَدت حفصة في نفسها، فقالت: يا رسول الله لقد جئتَ إليَّ بشيء ما جئتَه إلى أحد من أزواجك، في يومي وفي دوري وعلى فراشي. فقال: " أَلا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ أُحَرِّمَهَا فَلا أَقْرَبُهَا أَبَدًا؟ " قالت حفصة رضي الله عنها: بلى. فحرَّمها رسول الله، وقال: " لاَ تَذْكُرِي ذَلِكَ لأَحَدٍ "فذكرته لعائشة -رضي الله عنها– فأظهره الله عليه، فأنزل قوله تعالى: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاةَ أَزْوَاجِكَ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ مَوْلاَكُمْ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ وَإِذْ أَسَرَّ النَّبِيُّ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِهِ حَدِيثًا فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَتْ بِهِ وَأَظْهَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ وَأَعْرَضَ عَنْ بَعْضٍ فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَهَا بِهِ قَالَتْ مَنْ أَنْبَأَكَ هَذَا قَالَ نَبَّأَنِيَ الْعَلِيمُ الْخَبِيرُ إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلاَهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمَلاَئِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ} [التحريم: 1- 4]، ثم كفَّر النبي عن يمينه، وأصاب مارية.
غيرتها ايضاً – رضي الله عنها من السيدة صفيَّة رضي الله عنها
عن أنس قال: بلغ صفيَّة أن حفصة قالت: صفيَّة بنت يهودي، فبكت، فدخل عليها النبي وهي تبكي فقال: " مَا يُبْكِيَكِ؟ " قالت: قالت لي حفصة: إني ابنة يهودي، فقال النبي: " إِنَّكِ لابْنَةُ نَبِيٍّ، وَإِنَّ عَمَّكِ لَنَبِيٌّ، وَإِنَّكِ لَتَحْتَ نَبِيٍّ، فَفِيمَ تَفْخَرُ عَلَيْكِ؟ " ثم قال: " اتَّقِي اللَّهَ يَا حَفْصَةُ"
غيرتها من السيدة سودة رضي الله عنها:
عن رزينة مولاة رسول الله أن سودة اليمانيَّة جاءتْ عائشةَ تزورها وعندها حفصة بنت عمر، فجاءت سودة في هيئة وفي حالة حسنة، عليها بُرد من دروع اليمن وخمار كذلك، وعليها نقطتان مثل العدستين من صبر وزعفران إلى موقها -قالت عليلة: وأدركتُ النساءَ يتزيَّنَّ به- فقالت حفصة لعائشة: يا أم المؤمنين اتقي! يجيء رسول الله وهذه بيننا تبرق، فقالت أُمُّ المؤمنين: اتَّقي الله يا حفصة فقالت: لأفسدَنَّ عليها زينتها، قالت: ما تَقُلْنَ؟ وكان في أذنها ثِقَلٌ، قالت لها حفصة: يا سودة، خرج الأعور، قالت: نعم، ففزعت فزعًا شديدًا، فجعلت تنتفض، قالت: أين أختبئ؟ قالت: عليكِ بالخيمة -خيمة لهم من سعف يختبئون فيها- فذهبت فاختبأت فيها، وفيها القذر ونسيج العنكبوت، فجاء رسول الله وهما تضحكان لا تستطيعان أن تتكلَّما من الضحك، فقال: " مَاذَا الضَّحِكُ؟ " ثلاث مرَّات، فأومأتا بأيديهما إلى الخيمة، فذهب فإذا سودة ترعد، فقال لها: " يَا سَوْدَةُ، مَا لَكِ؟ " قالت: يا رسول الله، خرج الأعور قال: " مَا خَرَج وَلَيَخْرُجن، مَا خَرَجَ وَلَيَخْرُجن " فأخرجها، فجعل ينفض عنها الغبار ونسيج العنكبوت
غيرتها من السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها
عن عائشة -رضي الله عنها- أن النبي كان إذا خرج أقرع بين نسائه، فطارت القرعة لعائشة وحفصة، وكان النبي إذا كان بالليل سار مع عائشة يتحدَّث، فقالت حفصة: ألا تركبين الليلة بعيري وأركب بعيرك؛ تنظرين وأنظر؟ فقالت: بلى، فركبتْ، فجاء النبي إلى جمل عائشة وعليه حفصة فسلم عليها، ثم سار حتى نزلوا، وافتقدته عائشة، فلما نزلوا جعلتْ رجليها بين الإِذْخر وتقول: يا ربِّ سلِّط علَيَّ عقربًا أو حيَّة تلدغني، ولا أستطيعُ أن أقول له شيئًا
غيرة أمهات المؤمنين منها أيضا - رضي الله عنها - وتحايلهم عليها
عن عائشة قالت: كان رسول الله يحِبُّ الحَلوى والعَسل وكان إذا انصرف من العصر دخل على نسائه، فيدنو من إحداهن، فدخل على حفصة بنت عمر فاحتبس أكثر ما كان يحتبس، فَغِرْتُ، فسألتُ عن ذلك، فقيل لي: أهدت لها امرأة من قومها عُكَّة عَسَل، فسقت النبي منه شربة، فقلتُ: أما والله لنحتالَنَّ له، فقلتُ لسودة بنت زَمْعَةَ: إنه سيدنو منك، فإذا دنا منك فقولي: أكلتَ مغَافير؟ فإنه سيقول لك: " لاَ "فقولي له: ما هذه الريح التي أجد؟ فإنه سيقول لك: "سَقَتْنِي حَفْصَةُ شَرْبَةَ عَسَلٍ ". فقولي: جَرَسَتْ نحلُه العُرفُطَ. وسأقول ذلك، وقولي أنت له يا صفية ذلك. قالت: تقول سودة: والله ما هو إلاَّ أن قام على الباب، فأردتُ أن أباديه بما أمرتِنِي فرقًا منكِ. فلمَّا دنا منها، قالت له سودة: يا رسول الله، أكلتَ مغافير؟ قال: " لاَ ". قالت: فما هذه الريح التي أجد منكَ؟ قال: " سَقَتْنِي حَفْصَةُ شَرْبَةَ عَسَلٍ ". قالت: جَرَسَت نَحلُه العرفطَ. فلمَّا دار إليَّ قلتُ نحو ذلك، فلمَّا دار إلى صفية قالت له مثل ذلك، فلمَّا دار إلى حفصة قالت له: يا رسول الله، ألا أسقيك منه؟ قال: " لاَ حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ ". قالت: تقول سودة: والله لقد حَرَمْنَاه. قلتُ لها: اسكتي
10- سؤالها لرسول الله كسائر أمهات المؤمنين: النفقة والمال
عن جابر قال: أقبل أبو بكر يستأذن على رسول الله والناس ببابه جلوس، والنبي جالس فلم يؤذن له، ثم أقبل عمر فاستأذن فلم يؤذن له، ثم أُذِنَ لأبي بكر وعمر فدخلا، والنبي جالس وحوله نساؤه، وهو ساكت، فقال عمر: لأكلمَنَّ النبي لعله يضحك. فقال عمر: يا رسول الله، لو رأيت ابنة زيد -امرأة عمر- سألتني النفقة آنفًا، فوجأتُ عنقها. فضحك النبي حتى بدا ناجذه، وقال: " هُنَّ حَوْلِي يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ ". فقام أبو بكر إلى عائشة ليضربها، وقام عمر إلى حفصة، كلاهما يقولان: تسألان النبي ما ليس عنده. فنهاهما رسول الله، فقلن نساؤه: والله لا نسأل رسول الله بعد هذا المجلس ما ليس عنده. قال: وأنزل الله الخيار، فبدأ بعائشة، فقال: " إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكِ أَمْرًا، وَلا عَلَيْكِ أَنْ لا تَعْجَلِي حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْكِ ".قالت: وما هو؟ فتلا عليها: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأزْوَاجِكَ} [الأحزاب: 28] الآية، قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها: أفيكَ أستأمر أبويَّ؟! بل أختار الله ورسوله، وأسألك ألاَّ تذكر لامرأة من نسائك ما اخترتُ. فقال: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّفًا وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا، لاَ تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ عَمَّا اخْتَرْتِ إِلاَّ أَخْبَرْتُهَا "
11 - كانت متعلمة القراءة والكتابة رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
اهتمام النبي بتعليمها:عن الشفاء بنت عبد الله قالت: دخل علَيَّ رسول الله وأنا عند حفصة، فقال لي: " ألا تُعَلِّمِينَ هَذِهِ رُقْيَةَ النَّمْلَةِ كَمَا عَلَّمْتِيهَا الْكِتَابَةَ؟ "وفي الحديث إشارة واضحة إلى أن السيدة حفصة -رضي الله عنها- كانت متعلمة للكتابة، وهو أمر نادر بين النساء في تلك الفترة الزمنيَّة الممتدة في عمق الزمن، ومما أعان على توفُّر العلم لدى السيدة حفصة -رضي الله عنها- وجودها في هذا المحضن التربوي بين أزواج النبي، حيث اتصال السماء بالأرض، وتتابع نزول الوحي بالرسالة الخاتمة على الرسول الكريم.
12- اشتُهر عنها البلاغة والفصاحة – رضي الله عنها وأرضاها -
وقد كانت -رضي الله عنها- بليغة فصيحة، قالت في مرض أبيها عمر بن الخطاب: " يا أبتاه ما يحزنك؟! وفادتك على ربٍّ رحيم، ولا تبعة لأحد عندك، ومعي لك من البشارة لا أذيع السرَّ مرَّتين، ونعم الشفيع لك العدل، لم تَخْفَ على الله خشنة عيشتك، وعفاف نهمتك، وأخذك بأكظام المشركين والمفسدين في الأرض "
وفاتها رضي الله عنها زوأرضاها
أدركتها المنيّة سنة إحدى وأربعين بالمدينة عام الجماعة ، فرضي الله عنها وعن أمهات المؤمنين ، وقيل: توفيت في شعبان سنة خمس وأربعين، وصلى عليها مروان بن الحكم، وهو يومئذ عامل على المدينة، والأحبة، ثم فاضت روحها الطاهرة بعد مضي بضعة أيام من شهر شعبان من تلك السنة، وأقبل الصحابة الكرام للمشاركة في جنازتها، وفي مقدمتهم أبو هريرة وأبو سعيد الخدري وجمع من الصحابة، وصلى عليها والي المدينة آنذاك مروان بن الحكم، ثم دُفنت بالبقيع مع زوجات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكانت في الثالثة والستين من عمرها حين تُوفيت، وقد أوصت لأخيها عبد الله بمال وصدقة، ونزل قبرها أخوها عبد الله وعاصم، وبنو أخيها عبد الله، ورحلت لتلحق بالحبيب المصطفى صلى الله عليه وسلم في جنة عرضها السماوات والأرض، وكانت وفاتها خسارة كبيرة، لكنها تركت إرثًا خالدًا من العلم والعبادة.
Her Name
Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab, daughter of the Commander of the Faithful, and her mother was Zaynab bint Maz'un, may God be pleased with them all.
Her Lineage
Her mother was Zaynab bint Maz'un ibn Habib ibn Wahb ibn Hudhafa ibn Jumah, sister of Uthman ibn Maz'un, may God be pleased with him. Hafsa was a full sister of Abdullah ibn Umar, may God be pleased with them both, and older than him. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said: She was born in the second or third year of the Prophethood, because it is established that she was thirteen years old at the time of the Battle of Badr, which took place fifteen years after the Prophethood.
Her Birth - may God be pleased with her -
Hafsa, may God be pleased with her, was born while the Quraysh were rebuilding the Kaaba, five years before the Prophethood of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family. This was narrated by Umar; may God be pleased with him.
The Kaaba was rebuilt thirty-five years after the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
It was rebuilt by the Quraysh tribe. Five years before the Prophet's mission, a devastating flood swept through Mecca, nearly causing the Kaaba to collapse. The Quraysh were compelled to rebuild it to preserve its sanctity.
Her relationship to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)
She is Umm al-Mu'minin Hafsa bint Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with them both), daughter of Nufayl ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Riyah ibn Abdullah ibn Qurt ibn Adi ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy. Her lineage meets that of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) at Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy.
Her Marriage Before the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
She was born in Mecca five years before the Prophet's mission – the same year the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) participated in the rebuilding of the Kaaba. When she reached marriageable age, Khunais ibn Hudhafa al-Sahmi proposed to her, and they married. Then came that blessed day when their souls were illuminated by the light of faith, and they responded to the call of truth and guidance, becoming among the first to embrace Islam. When God permitted the believers to emigrate, Khunais emigrated to Abyssinia in the first migration in the fifth year of the Hijra. Sources do not mention Hafsa's emigration with him; perhaps she remained in Mecca. He later returned to Mecca, and then he and his wife, Hafsa (may God be pleased with her), emigrated from Mecca to Medina. She was among the emigrants. Hafsa and her husband joined the caravan of believers heading towards Medina, where they settled. Soon after, the confrontation between the believers and their enemies began, and Khunais was among the first defenders of the faith. He participated in the battles of Badr and Uhud, fighting valiantly in both. But he emerged from them severely wounded, and soon after, his soul departed in the third year of the Hijra, leaving behind Hafsa, may God be pleased with her.
The feelings of Umar ibn al-Khattab regarding the death of his daughter's husband – may God be pleased with them both –
This deeply saddened Umar – may God be pleased with him – and he was overcome with compassion and grief for his daughter. He wanted to console her in her loss and compensate her for this deprivation. So he set out to find her a suitable husband, until he chose Uthman ibn Affan – may God be pleased with him. He approached him and offered him his daughter because of his virtue, status, and position. Umar ibn al-Khattab – may God be pleased with him – said: “I met Uthman ibn Affan and offered him Hafsa, saying, ‘If you wish, I will give you Hafsa, the daughter of Umar, in marriage.’ Uthman said, ‘I will consider it.’ Uthman waited several nights, then apologized to Umar, saying he had no desire to marry. Umar said, ‘Then I met Abu Bakr and said, “If you wish, I will give you Hafsa, the daughter of Umar, in marriage.” Abu Bakr remained silent and did not give Umar an answer. Umar said, ‘My anger at Abu Bakr’s inaction and his failure to respond was greater than my anger at Uthman’s refusal.’ Umar said, ‘I waited…’” Nights passed, then the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, proposed to her, and I married her to him. Abu Bakr met me and said: Perhaps you had something against me in your heart when I did not give you an answer about Hafsa? I said: Yes. He said: Nothing prevented me from doing so except that I knew that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, had mentioned her, and I would not divulge the secret of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and if he had left her, I would have accepted her.
The Blessed Marriage to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married her in the third year, or it is said, in the second year.
Her divorce was a single pronouncement by the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)
It is also said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married her in the second or third year of the Hijra, then divorced her. When Umar ibn al-Khattab learned of her divorce, he threw dust on his head and said, "God will not care about Umar and his daughter after today." It is narrated from Qays ibn Zayd that the Prophet divorced Hafsa bint Umar once. Her maternal uncles, Qudama and Uthman, the sons of Maz'un, entered upon her, and she wept, saying, "By God, he did not divorce me for seven years." The Prophet came and said, "Gabriel told me: 'Take Hafsa back, for she is a woman who fasts and prays much, and she is your wife in Paradise.
The Situations in the Prophet's Household
1- Her Income from the Knowledge of the Messenger of God (may God be pleased with her)
Thus, God Almighty honored her by making her a wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), allowing her to draw from his light and drink from his knowledge, thanks to the intelligence, insight, and thirst for knowledge that God bestowed upon her. We see this in the questions she posed to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), seeking wisdom and clarification of the truth. For example, she heard the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) say, "An army will come from the east seeking a man from Mecca. When they reach the desert, the earth will swallow them up. The one who was leading them will return to see what happened to the people, and the same fate will befall them." She asked, "O Messenger of God, what about those who were forced to go?" He replied, "The same will befall them all. Then God will resurrect each person according to his intention."
2- Her Question to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) about the verse, "And there is none of you except that he will pass over it" (Quran 17:78).
And it is narrated from her that the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I hope that, God willing, no one who witnessed the Battles of Badr and Hudaybiyyah will enter Hellfire. She said, “Does not God, the Exalted and Glorified, say: {And there is none of you but will pass over it}?” He replied, “Then We will save those who feared God and leave the wrongdoers therein, kneeling.” (Maryam 19:72) Imam al-Nawawi commented, “This provides evidence for debate and objection, and the answer is for guidance, which is what Hafsa intended, not that she wanted to refute his statement, peace and blessings be upon him.”
3- Asking the Prophet about details concerning Umrah
When the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, commanded his wives to perform Umrah, she asked him, “What prevents you, O Messenger of God, from performing Umrah with us?” He replied, “I have already offered my sacrifice and have settled down, so I will not exit Ihram until I slaughter my sacrificial animal.
4- She told him about the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) practices in her home
She said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast three days of the month: Monday, Thursday, and the Monday following the Friday before last. She also said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to bed, he would place his right hand under his cheek and say, "My Lord, protect me from Your punishment on the Day You resurrect Your servants," three times.
5- The testimony of the Angel Gabriel (peace be upon him) regarding her righteousness
Gabriel testified to her righteousness and piety when he asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to take her back after he had divorced her once. He said to him, "She fasts and prays frequently, and she is your wife in Paradise." (Narrated by Al-Hakim and At-Tabarani and authenticated by Al-Albani).
6- Her piety and devotion may God be pleased with her.
She spent her nights in worship, reciting the Quran, and remembrance of God.
7- The number of hadiths she narrated from the Messenger of God
may God be pleased with her. Sixty hadiths were narrated from her, three of which were included in Sahih al-Bukhari.
8- Her narration of the Prophet's knowledge: regarding praying two light rak'ahs before Fajr
Lady Hafsa narrated sixty hadiths from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ten of which are in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Her brother Abdullah, Safwan ibn Umayya, and Umm Mubashir al-Ansariyyah narrated from her. Among her narrations from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is that when the muezzin finished the call to prayer for Fajr and dawn broke, he would pray two light rak'ahs before the prayer was established. (Narrated by Muslim)
9 - Lady Hafsa (may God be pleased with her) was known for her jealousy of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)
among his other wives. It was narrated by Aisha (may God be pleased with her) that the Prophet's wives were divided into two groups: one group included Aisha, Hafsa, Safiyya, and Sawda, and the other group included Umm Salama and the rest of the Prophet's wives. Regarding the reason for the revelation of the verse: {O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what God has made lawful for you, seeking the approval of your wives? And God is Forgiving and Merciful.} [At-Tahrim: 1], it was mentioned that Maria the Coptic Egyptian, the mother of the Prophet Ibrahim's son, was intimate with the Prophet in Lady Hafsa's house and on her day. Hafsa felt resentment and said: "O Messenger of God, you have done something to me that you have not done to any of your other wives, on my day, in my house, and on my bed." He said: “Would you not be pleased if I were to forbid her and never approach her again?” Hafsa, may God be pleased with her, said: Yes. So the Messenger of God forbade it and said, "Do not mention this to anyone." But she mentioned it to Aisha (may God be pleased with her), and God revealed it to him, so He revealed His words: {O Prophet, why do you prohibit what God has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? And God is Forgiving and Merciful. God has already ordained for you the dissolution of your oaths. And God is your Protector, and He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. And when the Prophet confided a statement to one of his wives, and she divulged it, and God made it known...} He made known some of it and ignored some of it. Then when he informed her of it, she said, “Who told you this?” He said, “The All-Knowing, the All-Aware informed me. If you two repent to God, then your hearts have truly inclined [to Him]. But if you two support one another against him, then indeed, God is his protector, and Gabriel and the righteous believers and the angels, moreover, are [his] supporters.” [At-Tahrim: 1-4] Then the Prophet atoned for his oath and had relations with Maria.
She was also jealous – may God be pleased with her – of Lady Safiyyah, may God be pleased with her
Anas reported: Safiyyah heard that Hafsah had said, “Safiyyah is the daughter of a Jew,” so she wept. The Prophet entered upon her while she was weeping and said, “What makes you weep?” She said, “Hafsah said to me, ‘I am the daughter of a Jew.’” The Prophet said, “You are the daughter of a prophet, your uncle is a prophet, and you are married to a prophet. So, what is she boasting about?” Then he said, “Fear God, O Hafsah.
Her jealousy of Sawda (may God be pleased with her)
It was narrated by Razina, the freed slave of the Messenger of God, that Sawda al-Yamaniyya came to visit Aisha while Hafsa bint Umar was with her. Sawda arrived looking beautiful and well-groomed, wearing a Yemeni cloak and a headscarf. She also had two small dots of aloe and saffron on her head—She said, “I saw women adorning themselves with it.” Hafsa said to Aisha, “O Mother of the Believers, be careful! The Messenger of God will come, and she is here among us, shining brightly!” The Mother of the Believers said, “Fear God, Hafsa!” Hafsa replied, “I will ruin her beauty!” Aisha asked, “What are you saying?” She had a hearing impairment. Hafsa said to her, “O Sawda, the one-eyed man has come out!” Sawda replied, “Yes,” and was terrified. She began to tremble and said, “Where can I hide?” She said, "Go to the tent"—a tent they had made of palm fronds where they hid. So she went and hid in it, though it was dirty and covered in cobwebs. The Messenger of God came upon them both laughing, unable to speak from laughter. He asked, "What are you laughing at?" three times. They gestured with their hands toward the tent. He went and found Sawdah trembling. He said to her, "O Sawdah, what is wrong?" She said, "O Messenger of God, the one-eyed man has gone out!" He said, "He has not gone out, but he will go out! He has not gone out, but he will go out!" So he brought her out and began to brush the dust and cobwebs off her.
Her jealousy of Aisha, may God be pleased with her
On the authority of Aisha, may God be pleased with her, that when the Prophet went out, he would draw lots among his wives. The lot fell to Aisha and Hafsa. When it was night, the Prophet would walk with Aisha and talk. Hafsa said, "Why don't you..." Tonight you ride my camel and I ride yours; you look and I look? She said, "Yes," and mounted her camel. The Prophet came to Aisha's camel, on which Hafsa was riding, and greeted her. Then he continued until they dismounted. Aisha missed him, and when they dismounted, she placed her feet among the sweet-smelling grass and said, "O Lord, send a scorpion or a snake to sting me, so that I cannot say anything to him."
The jealousy of the Mothers of the Believers towards her—may God be pleased with her—and their plotting against her
Aisha said: The Messenger of God loved sweets and honey. When he finished the afternoon prayer, he would visit his wives and go to one of them. He went to Hafsa bint Umar and stayed longer than usual. I became jealous and asked about it. I was told that a woman from her tribe had given her a jar of honey, and she had given the Prophet a drink of it. I said, "By God, we will plot against him." So I said to Sawda bint Zam'a, "He will go to you. When he does, say..." Have you eaten maghafir? He will say, "No." Then ask him, "What is this smell I detect from you?" He will say, "Hafsa gave me a drink of honey." Then say, "His bees grazed on the 'urfut plant." I will say this, and you, Safiyya, should say it to him. Sawda said, "By God, no sooner had he stood at the door than I wanted to confront him with what you instructed me, out of fear of you." When he approached her, Sawda said to him, "O Messenger of God, have you eaten maghafir?" He said, "No." She said, "Then what is this smell I detect from you?" He said, "Hafsa gave me a drink of honey." She said, "His bees grazed on the 'urfut plant." When he turned to me, I said something similar. When he turned to Safiyyah, she said the same to him. When he turned to Hafsah, she said to him, “O Messenger of God, shall I not give you some of it to drink?” He said, “I have no need of it.” She said, “Sawdah says, ‘By God, we have been deprived of it!’” I said to her, “Be quiet.
10- Her question to the Messenger of God, like all the Mothers of the Believers: Regarding financial support and money
On the authority of Jabir, he said: Abu Bakr came seeking permission to enter upon the Messenger of God, and the people were sitting at his door, and the Prophet was sitting, but he was not granted permission. Then Umar came and sought permission, but he was not granted permission. Then permission was granted to Abu Bakr and Umar, and they entered. The Prophet was sitting with his wives around him, and he was silent. Umar said: I will speak to the Prophet, perhaps he will laugh. Umar said: O Messenger of God, if you had seen the daughter of Zayd (Umar's wife), she asked me for financial support just now, I would have struck her neck! The Prophet laughed until his molars were visible, and he said: "They are around me asking me for financial support." Abu Bakr went to Aisha to strike her, and Umar went to Hafsa, both saying: You are asking the Prophet for what he does not have. So the Messenger of God forbade them, and his wives said: By God, we will not ask the Messenger of God for what he does not have after this gathering. He said: And God revealed the choice, so he began with Aisha, and said: “I am going to tell you something, and it is not necessary for you to rush until you consult your parents.” She said: What is it? So he recited to her: {O Prophet, say to your wives} [Al-Ahzab: 28] the verse. Aisha, may God be pleased with her, said: Should I consult my parents about you?! Rather, I choose God and His Messenger, and I ask you not to mention to any of your wives what I have chosen. He said, “God did not send me to be harsh, but rather as a teacher, making things easy. No woman among them will ask me about what I have chosen without me informing her.”
11 - She was literate, may God be pleased with her
The Prophet’s concern for her education: On the authority of Ash-Shifa’ bint Abdullah, she said: The Messenger of God entered upon me while I was with Hafsa, and he said to me, “Why don’t you teach this woman the incantation for ant bites, just as you taught her to write?” This hadith clearly indicates that Lady Hafsa, may God be pleased with her, was literate, which was rare among women in that era, and it helped in The abundance of knowledge possessed by Lady Hafsa (may God be pleased with her) stemmed from her presence in this nurturing environment among the Prophet's wives, a place where divine guidance was connected to earth, and where the final revelation was continuously sent down to the noble Messenger.
12- She was renowned for her eloquence and fluency (may God be pleased with her)
She was indeed eloquent and fluent. During her father Umar ibn al-Khattab's illness, she said: "O my father, what grieves you? You are going to a Merciful Lord, and you owe no one anything. I have glad tidings for you, which I will not divulge twice. Justice is the best intercessor for you. God is not unaware of your austere life, your chastity, or your firm stance against the polytheists and those who spread corruption on earth.
13- Her Staying Home After the Death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Her Life and Stances After the Prophet: After the death of the Prophet, Lady Hafsa (may God be pleased with her) stayed in her home and did not leave except for necessities.
14- She Was Known for Her Close Relationship with Aisha After the Death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
She and Aisha (may God be pleased with them both) were inseparable. When Aisha wanted to go to Basra, Hafsa (may God be pleased with her) intended to go with her, after the killing of Uthman. However, Abdullah ibn Umar prevented her from going.
15- Her Stance on Seeking Revenge for the Killing of Uthman (may God be pleased with him)
Ibn al-Jawzi mentioned in the events of the year thirty-six: Talha and Zubayr went to Hafsa, and she said: My opinion follows Aisha's opinion. When nothing remained but to leave, they said: How can we leave when we do not have money to equip the people? Ya'la ibn Umayya said, "I have six hundred thousand and six hundred camels, so ride them." Ibn 'Amir said, "I have such and such, so prepare yourselves with them." Then the herald called out, "The Mother of the Believers, Talha, and Zubayr are setting out for Basra. Whoever desires to strengthen Islam, fight the rebels, and seek revenge for 'Uthman, and does not have a mount or provisions, here are provisions and here is money." So they loaded six hundred men onto six hundred camels, in addition to those who had mounts—and they were all a thousand—and they prepared themselves with money, called for departure, and set off. Hafsa wanted to go out, but 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar came to her and asked her to stay, so she stayed. She sent word to 'A'isha, saying, "'Abdullah has prevented me from going out." 'A'isha said, "May God forgive 'Abdullah.
16 - She was the guardian of the Holy Quran (the Mushaf) in her home after the death of most of the reciters (Hafiz)
Among her greatest virtues, may God be pleased with her, was her selection to safeguard the first copy of the Quran, which Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, collected from the people after the death of most of the reciters. This copy remained with her until the caliphate of Uthman; may God be pleased with him. As a result, Lady Hafsa, may God be pleased with her, was given the title "Guardian of the Quran." She was one of the most important female scholars in the early Islamic era, and she was often asked questions and answered them, may God be pleased with her. Among the most important things left with her were the pages of the Holy Quran, which were written during the time of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq at the suggestion of Umar ibn al-Khattab. Uthman ibn Affan relied on the pages of the Holy Quran that were in her possession, may God be pleased with her, in writing a single copy for the Islamic lands.
Her Death, May God be pleased with her
She passed away in the year 41 AH in Medina, the year of the Unity (of the Prophet), may God be pleased with her and with the mothers of the Believers. It is also said that she died in Sha'ban of the year 45 AH. Marwan ibn al-Hakam, who was then the governor of Medina, led the funeral prayer for her, along with other loved ones. Her pure soul departed a few days later in Sha'ban of that year. The noble Companions came to participate in her funeral, including Abu Hurayrah, Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, and a group of other Companions. Marwan ibn al-Hakam, the governor of Medina at the time, led the funeral prayer for her. She was then buried in al-Baqi' cemetery with the wives of the Prophet; may God bless him and grant him peace. She was sixty-three years old when she passed away. She bequeathed money and charity to her brother Abdullah. Her brother Abdullah, Asim, and the sons of her brother Abdullah descended into her grave. She departed to join the beloved Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, in a Paradise as vast as the heavens and the earth. Her death was a great loss, but she left behind an enduring legacy of knowledge and worship.
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