السيدة جويرية بنت الحارث The Lady Juwayriyah bint al-Harith
الإسم
برة وتحولت بعد الإسلام إلي جويرية بنت الحارث بن أبي ضرار ابن الحارث بن المصطلق
معني اسم جويرية
اسم جويرية هو تصغير لكلمة جارية، ويشير إلى الفتاة الصغيرة أو الفتية بين النساء، ويُستخدم للدلالة على الصلبة، الشديدة، السريعة، وكثيرة الحركة، كما يمكن أن يُنسب إلى الورد الجوري الأحمر، أي "وردة فيروز آباد" نسبةً إلى مدينة جور في إيران، حيث كان يُزرع هذا النوع من الورود العطرية
الألقاب
أم المؤمنين
الديانة
يهودية قبل أن تدخل الإسلام
النشأة
هي خُزاعية من بني المُصْطلق
زواجها الأول
وكانت متزوجةً قبل زواجها من رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- بمُسافِع ابن صفوان الذي قُتل كافرًا، حيث أنها كانت متزوجة من ابن عمها (مسافع بن صفوان) فقُتل يوم المريسيع (غزوة بني المصطلق)
الزواج المبارك من البيت النبوي
تزوجت في السنة الخامسة للهجرة
رؤيا السيدة جويرية قبل الإسلام والزواج برسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم التي تحققت
قَالَتْ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ: «رَأَيْتُ قَبْلَ قَدُومِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ كَأَنَّ الْقَمَرَ أَقْبَلَ يَسِيرُ مَنْ يثْرِبَ حَتَّى وَقَعَ فِي حِجْرِي، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُخْبِرَ بِهَا أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا سُبِينَا رَجَوْتُ الرُّؤْيَا، فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقَنِي وَتَزَوَّجَنِي وَاللَّهِ مَا كَلَّمْتُهُ فِي قَوْمِي حَتَّى كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ أَرْسَلُوهُمْ وَمَا شَعَرْتُ إِلَّا بِجَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَنَاتِ عَمِّي تُخْبِرَنِي الْخَبَرَ، فَحَمِدْتُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ )) ...أقول ما تسمعون وأستغفر الله العظيم.
سبب زواج النبي من جويرية بنت الحارث
كان اسمها برّة قبل زواجها من رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم-، فلمّا تزوجها النبي -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- غيّر اسمها إلى جويرية، جاء سبب زواج جويرية بنت الحارث -رضي الله عنها- من رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- في حديثٍ طويل ترويه أم المؤمنين عائشة -رضي الله عنها-. وسبب زواج النبي -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- منها كان قد وقع بعد غزوة بني المصطلق التي خاضها المسلمون، وذلك حين أراد رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- أن يُقسّم السبايا اللاتي غنموها من الغزوة، فكانت جويرية بنت الحارث من السبايا التي جاء بها المسلمون، وكانت ابنة سيد القوم في بني المصطلق. ولمّا رُمي السهم لتحديد مالكِها كانت من نصيب ثابت بن قيس بن الشّماس أو لابن عمِّه؛ كاتبته على ذلك، فذهبت بعدها إلى رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- ليُعينها في كتابتِها. وكانت جويرية شديدة الجمال، لا يراها أحد إلّا وفُتن بجمالها، وهذا ما جعل أم المؤمنين عائشة -رضي الله عنها- تكره دخولها إلى رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم-، حيث علمت أنّه سيرى من جمالها كما رأت ولمّا دخلت إلى رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- عرّفته بنفسها، وذكرت له نسبها وأنّها ابنة سيد القوم، وأخبرته بسبب مجيئها إليه، وهو أنّها كاتبت ثابت بن قيس بن الشّماس على نفسها، وجاءت إليه ليُعينها على ذلك، فعرض عليها رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- أن يقضيَ لها كتابتها ويتزوّجها، فوافقت جويرية على ذلك.
حين انتشر الخبر في المدينة المنورة
وعلِم النّاس أنّ بني المصطلق أصبحوا أصهارًا لرسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم-، بدأ النّاس يعتقون السّبايا التي عندهم. وأُعتق بزواجها من رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- مئة بيت من بيوت بني المصطلق، فكانت امرأة ذات بركة عظيمة على قومها
طلب سيد بني المصطلق (أبو السيدة جويرية) تخيير بنته واخراجها من الأسر
وروى ابن سعد في الطبقات أنه لما وقعت جويرية بنت الحارث في السبي ، جاء أبوها إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : إن ابنتي لا يُسبى مثلها ؛ فأنا أكرم من ذاك ، فخل سبيلها ، فقال : ( أرأيت إن خيّرناها ، أليس قد أحسنّا ؟) ، قال : بلى ، وأدّيت ما عليك . ، فأتاها أبوها فقال : إن هذا الرجل قد خيّرك فلا تفضحينا ، فقالت : فإني قد اخترت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم .
تزوجت في العشرين من عمرها
قالت جويرية بنت الحارث: ((تزوجني رسول الله وأنا بنت عشرين سنةً)) [الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد، ج: 8، ص: 94]
شبهة أنها ليست زوجة بل مِلك يمين لرسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم؟
عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَتْ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ، لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَكَ يَفْخَرْنَ عَلَيَّ يَقُلْنَ: لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْكِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّمَا أَنْتِ مِلْكُ يَمِينٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَلَمْ أُعَظِّمْ صَدَاقَكِ، أَلَمْ أُعْتِقَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَقَبَةً مِنْ قَوْمِكِ».
مواقف من حياة السيدة جويرية رضي الله عنها في بيت النبوة
كانت كريمة مِعطاءة
حيث إنّ كلّ مُخصّصاتها التي كانت تصلها من بيت مال المسلمين كانت تُنفقها على الفقراء والمحتاجين، تأسّيا بفعل رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم-
كانت عابدة زاهدة في الدنيا
حيث كانت تقصد الحج في كل نداء له، فتؤدّي مناسكه بقلب طاهر وخاشع، ثمّ تعود إلى حجرتها في المدينة المنورة، وفي صحيح مسلم: أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ السَّبَّاقِ، قَالَ: إِنَّ جُوَيْرِيَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: «هَلْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ؟» قَالَتْ: لَا، وَاللهِ، يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، مَا عِنْدَنَا طَعَامٌ إِلَّا عَظْمٌ مِنْ شَاةٍ أُعْطِيَتْهُ مَوْلَاتِي مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَقَالَ: «قَرِّبِيهِ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَتْ مَحِلَّهَا»
كانت تقيّة ذات ورع ودين
وكانت كثيرة الصيام والقيام: روى البخاري عن جويرية بنت الحارث رضي الله عنها: ((أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم دخل عليها يوم الجمعة وهي صائمة، فقال: أصُمْتِ أمس؟ قالت: لا، قال: تريدين أن تصومي غدًا؟ قالت: لا، قال: فأفطري)) [البخاري حديث: 1986].
كانت تعطف على الرقيق والعبيد
حيث جاء أنّها قد أعتقت غلامًا لوجه الله تعالى، وكانت تتصدق بكل ما لديها، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعْتِقَ هَذَا الْغُلَامَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «بَلْ أَعْطِيهِ أَخَاكِ الَّذِي فِي الْأَعْرَابِ يَرْعَى عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِأَجْرِكِ»
كانت كثيرة الذكر لله تعالى
هل حدثت السيدة جويرية رضي الله عنها عن رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم؟ نعم
روت جويرية بنت الحارث سبعةَ أحاديث؛ منها عند البخاري حديث، وعند مسلم حديثان، حدَّث عنها: ابن عباس، وعبيد بن السباق، وكريب، ومجاهد، ويحيى بن مالك الأزدي، وآخرون؛ [سير أعلام النبلاء للذهبي، ج: 2، ص: 261، 263].
وفاة أم المؤمنين جويرية بنت الحارث
توفيت أم المؤمنين جويرية بنت الحارث في ربيع الأول بعد خمسين سنة من هجرة رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم-، وقيل إنّها توفّيت سنة ستٍّ وخمسين للهجرة في المدينة المنورة، وصلّى عليها أمير المدينة المنورة آنذاك وهو مروان بن الحكم. وكانت قد بلغت من العمر عند وفاتِها سبعين سنة، ومن قال بأنّها توفيت سنة خمسين من هجرة رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- قالوا بأنّها قد توفيت وهي تبلغ من العمر ستّاً وخمسين عامًا، فرحمها الله ورضي الله عنها وأرضاها.
Her Name
Her name was Barrah, and after embracing Islam, it became Juwayriyah bint al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar ibn al-Harith ibn al-Mustaliq.
The Meaning of the name Juwayriyah
The name Juwayriyah is a diminutive of the word "jariyah," meaning young girl or young woman. It is used to denote someone strong, resilient, quick, and energetic. It can also be related to the red rose, specifically the "Rose of Firuzabad," named after the city of Gur in Iran, where this type of fragrant rose was cultivated.
Her Titles
Mother of the Believers
Her Religion
Jewish before embracing Islam
Her Origin
She was from the Khuza'ah tribe, specifically the Banu al-Mustaliq clan.
Her First Marriage
Before marrying the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), she was married to Musafi' ibn Safwan, who was killed as an unbeliever. She was married to her cousin, Musafi' ibn Safwan, who was killed at the Battle of al-Muraysi' (the Battle of Banu al-Mustaliq).
The Blessed Marriage into the Prophet's Household
She married in the fifth year of the Hijra.
The Vision of Lady Juwayriyah Before Islam and Her Marriage to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Which Came True
Juwayriyah bint al-Harith said: “Three nights before the arrival of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), I saw in a dream that the moon was approaching from Yathrib until it fell into my lap. I disliked telling anyone about it.” I did not tell anyone about it until the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, came. When we were taken captive, I hoped for the vision. When he freed me and married me, by God, I did not speak to him about my people until the Muslims were the ones who sent them. I only became aware of it when a girl from my cousins told me the news. So, I praised God, the Almighty and Majestic. I say what you hear and I ask God, the Almighty, for forgiveness.
The Reason for the Prophet's Marriage to Juwayriyah bint al-Harith
Her name was Barrah before her marriage to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married her, he changed her name to Juwayriyah. The reason for Juwayriyah bint al-Harith's marriage to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is mentioned in lengthy hadith narrated by the mother of the Believers, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). The reason for the Prophet's marriage to her occurred after the Battle of Banu al-Mustaliq, which the Muslims fought. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to divide the captives they had taken in the battle, and Juwayriyah bint al-Harith was among the captives brought by the Muslims. She was the daughter of the chief of the Banu al-Mustaliq. When the lot was drawn to determine her owner, she was given to Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas or his cousin. She wrote to him about it and then went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to ask for his help in fulfilling her writing (for releive from capavity). Juwayriyah was exceptionally beautiful; no one could see her without being captivated by her beauty. This is what made Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), the mother of the Believers, reluctant to let her enter the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), knowing that he would see her beauty as she had. When she entered the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), she introduced herself, mentioning her lineage and that she was the daughter of the chief of her people. She explained the reason for her visit: she had written to Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas for her freedom and had come to him for his assistance. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) offered to fulfill her contract and marry her, and Juwayriyah agreed.
When the news spread in Medina,
and people learned that the Banu al-Mustaliq had become related by marriage to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), they began freeing the captive women they held. Through her marriage to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), one hundred households of the Banu al-Mustaliq were freed, and she was a woman of great blessing to her people.
The leader of Banu al-Mustaliq (the father of Juwayriyah) requested that his daughter be given the choice and released from captivity
Ibn Sa'd narrated in his Tabaqat that when Juwayriyah bint al-Harith was taken captive, her father came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "My daughter is not one to be taken captive; I am too honorable for that. Release her." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "What if we give her the choice? Wouldn't that be the best course of action?" He replied, "Yes, and you will have fulfilled your obligation." Her father then went to her and said, "This man has given you the choice, so do not disgrace us." She replied, "I have chosen the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him).
She married at the age of twenty
Juwayriyah bint al-Harith said, "The Messenger of God married me when I was twenty years old." [Ibn Sa'd's Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 8, p. 94]
Is there a misconception that she was not a wife but rather a slave belonging to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)?
On the authority of Mujahid, he said: Juwayriyah bint al-Harith said to the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace: Your wives boast to me, saying: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not marry you. You are merely a slave. So, the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: Did I not make your dowry great? Did I not free forty slaves from your people?
An examples from the life of Juwayriyah (may God be pleased with her) in the Prophet's household
She was generous and charitable
She spent all her allowance from the Muslim treasury on the poor and needy, following the example of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him).
She was devout and ascetic
She would perform Hajj whenever the call to prayer was given, fulfilling its rituals with a pure and humble heart, then return to her room in Medina. In Sahih Muslim, it is narrated that Ubayd ibn al-Sabbaq said: Juwayriyah, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), told him that the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon her and asked, "Is there any food?" She said: “No, by God, O Messenger of God, we have no food except a bone from a sheep that my mistress gave as charity.” He said: “Bring it closer, for it has reached its destination.”
She was compassionate towards slaves and servants
It is reported that she freed a slave for the sake of God Almighty, and she would give away all that she possessed in charity. On the authority of Mujahid, on the authority of Juwayriyah, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that she said: “O Prophet of God, I wanted to free this slave.” The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Rather, give him to your brother who is among the Bedouins to tend to him, for that will be greater for your reward.”
She frequently mentioned God Almighty
Muslim narrated on the authority of Ibn Abbas, on the authority of Juwayriyah: “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) left her early in the morning after he had prayed the morning prayer…” She was in her prayer place when he returned after sunrise and found her still sitting there. He asked, “Are you still in the same state as when I left you?” She replied, “Yes.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “I have said four phrases three times since then, which, if weighed against what you have said today, would outweigh it: ‘Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him, as many times as the number of His creation, as much as pleases Him, as much as the weight of His Throne, and as much as the ink of His words.’” (Muslim, Hadith)
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked it being said that he had come from Barrah’s house
so he changed her name for that reason. Muslim narrated on the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said, “Juwayriyah’s name was Barrah, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed her name to Juwayriyah. He disliked it being said that he had come from Barrah’s house.” (Muslim, Hadith: 2140)
Did the leader of Banu al-Mustaliq, the father of Juwayriyah, embrace Islam? Yes
Juwayriyah’s father was a respected leader among Banu al-Mustaliq. He came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and embraced Islam. [Al-Isabah by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, vol. 1, p. 281].
Did Juwayriyah (may God be pleased with her) narrate from the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)? Yes
Juwayriyah bint al-Harith narrated seven hadiths; one of them is found in al-Bukhari, and two in Muslim. She was narrated from by Ibn Abbas, Ubayd ibn al-Sabbaq, Kurayb, Mujahid, Yahya ibn Malik al-Azdi, and others. [Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' by al-Dhahabi, vol. 2, pp. 261-263]
The Death of Juwayriyah bint al-Harith, Mother of the Believers
Juwayriyah bint al-Harith, Mother of the Believers, passed away in Rabi' al-Awwal, fifty years after the Hijra of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). It is also said that she died in the year fifty-six after the Hijra in Medina. The governor of Medina at that time, Marwan ibn al-Hakam, led the funeral prayer for her. She was seventy years old at the time of her death. Those who say she died in the year fifty after the Hijra of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say that she was fifty-six years old when she passed away. May Allah have mercy on her and be pleased with her.
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