السيدة نفيسة بنت الحسن (نفيسة العلم) The Lady Nafisa bint al-Hasan (Nafisa al-Knowladge)
الإسم
السيدة نفيسة ابنة سيدنا الحسن بن زيد بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب
الألقاب
نفيسة العلم
نظرًا لما امتلكته من معارف وعلوم واسعة، بالإضافة لزهدها وورعها وتقواها
السيدة المكرمة الصالحة
ابنة أمير المؤمنين رضي الله عنهما- ، العلوية الحسنية ، صاحبة المشهد الكبير المعمول بين مصر والقاهرة
كريمة الدارين
النسب والعائلة
ولدت السيدة نفيسة ابنة سيدنا الحسن بن زيد بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب، في الحادي عشر من ربيع الأول عام 145 هـ بمكة، وهي امتداد للنسب الشريف، وسليلة بيت النبوة
الأب
الحسن بن زيد بن السيد سبط النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- الحسن بن علي، و كان ابوها ولي علي المدينة للمنصور ، ثم عزله ، وسجنه مدة ، فلما ولي المهدي أطلقه ، وأكرمه ، ورد عليه أمواله ، وحج معه ، فتوفي بالحاجر ، وتحولت هي من المدينة إلى مصر مع زوجها الشريف إسحاق بن جعفر بن محمد الصادق فيما قيل
أُمُّها
تُسمي أمها: أمُّ وَلَد
بعض المواقف حدثت عند ولادتها - رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
فرحة أبيها بولادتها وتسميته لها نفيسة تيمناً بأن تكون نفيسة العلم في المستقبل
كان مِن عادةِ الحسَن الأنور والدِ السّيدة نفيسَة الجلُوس في البيت الحرَام، وذلكَ لكَي يُعطِي للنّاس دروسَ العِلم، ويُناقِشَهم في أمور الفِقه، ويتَدارسُون علومَ القرءان. وفي يومٍ وهو على هذهِ الحال، أقبَلت جَاريةٌ لتَزِفَّ إليه البُشرى وتقول له: أَبشِر يا سيد فَقد وُلِدَت لك الليلة مولودةٌ جميلة، لم نرَ أحسن منها وَجهًا، ولا أَضْوأ منها جَبِينًا، يَتلألأ النُّورُ مِن ثَغرِها، ويشعّ مِن محيّاها. فلما سمع الحسنُ الأنور هذه البُشرى، فَرِح، وخَرّ ساجدًا لله، شُكرًا على ما وهَبَه منْ نِعمَةٍ، وحَمدًا لاستجابةِ دُعائِه. ثم أَقبلَ على الجارية فأَجْزَلَ لها العطَاء ثم قال لها: مُرِي أهلَ البَيتِ فليُسَمُّوهَا “نفيسة”، فَسوفَ تكونُ إن شاء الله تعالى “نفيسة، وقد فرِحَت أُمُّها بمولودَتها، ومما زادَ في سُرور الحسن الأنور أنها قَريبة الشّبَه بأختِه السّيدة نفيسة بنتِ زَيد رضي الله عنها، وهي التي تزوج بها الخليفةُ الوليدُ بنُ عبد الملك.
دعاء أبوها لها عند تبشيره بولادتها
ولما سمعَ الحاضرونَ مِن صَفوة الأخيار وصَالحي المرِيدين نبَأ ولادة مَولودةٍ للحسَنِ الأنور، قامُوا وهنّأوه بتَحقيقِ أَملِه، واستِجابةِ دُعائِه فشَكَر لهم ثم رفَع يَدَيه إلى السماء، وبَسَط كفّيهِ بالدُّعاءِ والرّجاء قائلا: “اللهُمّ أنبِتْها نَباتًا حَسَنًا، وتَقَبّلْها قَبُولا حسنًا طَيبًا، واجعَلْهَا من عبادِك الصالحين، وأوليائكَ المقرّبين الذينَ تُحِبُّهم، ويحبُّونَكَ. اللهم اجعَلها مَعدِنَ الفَضلِ، ومَنبَع الخير، ومَصدَر البِرّ، ومَشرِق الهداية والنُّور، اللهُمّ اجعَلها نفيسةَ العِلم، عظيمَة الحِلم، جليلةَ القَدْرِ، قَويةَ الدِّين، كاملةَ اليَقين
تولي والدها ولاية المدينة المنورة من الخليفة العباسي
قدِمَ رسولُ الخليفة العَبّاسي أبو جعفرٍ المنصور، وترَجَّلَ عن فرَسِه، ثم دخَلَ المسجدَ الحرَام، وشَقَّ الصُّفوفَ حتى وصَلَ إلى الحسن الأنور، ثم أَخرَج مِن جعبَتِه كتابًا، ورفَع إليه مع هذا الكتاب هَديّةَ الخِلافةِ وكانت عبارةً عن كِيسٍ كَبير يحتَوي على عشرِين ألفِ دينار. وكانَ الكتابُ يَفُوح منه رائحةُ المِسك والعِطر والطّيب، ففتحَه الشيخ، وقرأه في تؤدة وأنَاة. وكانَ القوم يسمَعُون وهم خائفونَ على كبيرِ أهلِ البيتِ، وعظِيمِ بَني هَاشم أن يمسَّه منَ الخَليفة سُوء، أو ينالَه منه مكروه، ولكنّهم لم يَبرحوا حتى شاهَدوا الحسنَ الأنور يَبكي، فازدادوا قَلقًا وخِيفةً عليه، فسألوه عن فَحوى كتابِ الخليفة، فقال لهم وهو يَبكي، متهَيِّبًا الموقفَ لعَظيم الأمانةِ التي تُلقى على عاتقِه: “لقَد وُلِّيتُ المدينةَ المنورةَ واختَارني الخليفةُ أميرًا علَيها ” فتَهلّل وجههُم بالبِشر، واستضَاءَت جِباهُهم بالفَرح والسّرور، وقالوا له: هَنيئًا لمدينةِ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم برجُل مِثلِك، يُقِيمُ فيها لِواءَ العَدل، وينشرُ فيها رايةَ الحقِّ، ويَبُثّ في جَنبَاتها وبَينَ ربُوعِها الأمنَ والطُّمأنينة والسلام والإنصَافَ هنيئًا لأهلِها أن يَظفروا بذلكَ كلِّه على يدِ ابن بارٍّ مِن عِتْرَةِ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ينفّذُ الأحكام ويُقيم الحدود، ويُحيي السُّنَن، ويُجدّدُ مَعالم الدِّين الحنِيف. فدعْ عنكَ التّرددَ فلَعلّكَ تجِدُ مَظلومًا تُنصِفُه، أو مَلهُوفًا تُغيثه، أو أسيرًا تَفُكّه، أو شَريدًا طَريدًا تحمِيه وتؤويه، فلَمّا سمع الحسنُ الأنور منهم هذا القَول سُرّي عنه وقال لهم: “إذا كانَت تلكَ الإمارَة نِعمَة منَ الله علينا وعلى الناس كانت تلك الوليدةُ بشِيرَها – يقصِد السيدة نفيسة – وإذا كانت الإمارةُ كرامةً لنا فإنّ الوليدة الجديدةَ علامة عليها
وأمّا إخْوتُها
فأُمُّهم أمُّ سلَمة بنتُ زَينب بنت الحسن ابنِ الحسَن بنِ الإمام عليٍّ كرّم اللهُ وجْهَه، وليسَ ذلكَ بضَائرِها أو مما يُنقِصُ مِن قَدرِهَا ، أما أخوها القاسم : كان رجلا صالحا زاهدا خيرا ، سكن نيسابور ، وله بها عقب ، منهم السيد العلوي الذي يروي عنه الحافظ البيهقي
جدها من آل البيت
الحسن بن علي ابن ابي طالب، ابن السيدة فاطمة بنت محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم وعلي بن ابي طالب كرم الله وجهه، لذا فإن الجد الأعلي لها - رضي الله عنها وأرضاها هو علي ابن أبي طالب والجدة الأعلي هي السيدة فاطمة رضي الله عن آل البيت
نشأتها في الطفولة
نَشأتِ السيدةُ نفيسة نشأةً شَريفةً، فبَعد أن نشأت بمكةَ تحُوطُها العِزةُ والكرامةُ، اصطحبها أبوها وهي في الخامسة من عمرها إلى المدينة، وأخذَ يلقِّنُها أمورَ دِينِها ودُنياها، فحفِظت القرءان، ولقَّنها حديث النبي الأمين صلى الله عليه وسلم، وسمعَت سيرة الصالحين، وصِفات المتقين، ولم يقتَصر في تربيتِها على الحفظِ والرِّواية، والدراسة ِوالتّلقين، بل حرِصَ أن يجمعَ في تربيتها بينَ القولِ والعمل. فكانَ يُشْرِكُها معه في نُسكَتِه وعِبادته، ويُقرئها معه أورادَه، وكثيرًا ما كان يَصحَبُها إلى المسجد النبويِّ لتَشهدَ جماعةَ المسلمين، ولتَنظُرَ بعَينِها إلى مَواكِب الأخيار، ووفُودِ الأبرار وهُم يتَردّدون بشوق على مسجد النبي الأعظم صلى الله عليه وسلم. وقد بارك الله لها في طفُولتِها، فلم تبلُغِ الثّامنةَ مِن عمُرِها حتى فرغَت من حِفظ كتاب الله تعالى، وشيئًا غيرِ قليل منَ السنّة النبوية وكانت لا تفارقُ أباها في حِلِّه وتَرحَالِه، فكانَ لها قدوةً حسنة وأُسوةً صَالحة. فأَشرق صدرُها بنور الإيمان، وخالطت نفسُها حَلاوةَ الطّاعة
وكثيرًا ما كانت تدعو الله وهي صغيرة قائلةً
اللهم حُلّ بينَ قَلبي وبين كل ما يَشغَلُني عنكَ وحبّبْ إليّ كلَّ ما يقرّبني منك، ويسّر لي الطريق لطاعتك، واجعلني من أهلِ ولايتك، فإنك المرجُوُّ في الشدائد، المقصودُ في النّوائب والملمّات.
في سن الشباب وقبل الزواج
تلقت العلم على شيوخ مسجد رسول الله، وتعلّمت أصول الحديث والفقه، وقبل أن تصل إلى سن الزواج، كانت تُلقّب بـ"نفيسة العلم"، لنبوغها وتحصيلها، علاوة على ورعها وتقواها
الزواج المبارك
تقدم العديد من المُحبين لخطبة السيدة نفيسة لدينها وعلمها، وقبل والدها بزواجها من رجل سليل بيت النبوة، وهو إسحاق المؤتمن بن جعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن على بن أبي طالب، لتم الزواج في 161 هـ، وبزواجهما اجتَمع في بيتها نُورَان، نُورُ الحسَنِ والحُسَين سيّدا شباب أهلِ الجنة، فالسّيدة نفيسة جدُّها الإمام الحسن وإسحق المؤتمن جدّه الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنهما.
زوجها المؤتمن هو أخ غير شقيق للسيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها وأرضاها - أم المؤمنين
ثم تزوجها ابن عمها اسحاق المؤتمن بن جعفر الصادق بن محمد الباقر بن علي زين العابدين بن الحسين بن الإمام علي بن أبي طالب أمير المؤمنين وابن فاطمة الزهراء البتول ابنة رسول اللهﷺ ، فهي حفيدة الحسن و زوجها حفيد الحسين (رضي الله عنهم) يلقب زوجها بـ إسحاق المؤتمن لكثرة أمانته و قوة إيمانه، والسيد إسحاق المؤتمن هو أخو السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها و أرضاها فالسيدة نفيسة زوجة أخ السيدة عائشة (بنت الإمام جعفر الصادق) وربما الكثير لا يعلم تلك العلاقة بين حفيدتي رسول الله ﷺ؛ المشهورتين بالقاهرة ؛ السيدة نفيسة والسيدة عائشة
أولادها
القاسم
أم كلثوم
قبل أن تشد أسرتها الرحال إلى مصر
مما وُصفت به - رضي الله عنها وأرضاها -
كانت من الصالحات العوابد
والدعاء مستجاب عند قبرها بل وعند قبور الأنبياء والصالحين
تميّزت سيدتنا السيدة نفيسة رضي اللّه عنها وأرضاها كما تميّز غيرها من سادتنا آل البيت رضوان الله عليهم أجمعين بالتفاني في عبادة اللّه، و الخوف من عذابه، فكانت- و هي لا تزال تقيم في المدينة المنورة، وتعيش مع والدها- دائمة العبادة و تلاوة #القرآن_الكريم
- عبادة الدعاء
دعاء فك الكرب: كانت تقرأ رضي الله عنها: نقرأ الفاتحة مرة وقل هو الله أحد (الإخلاص) (١١مرة) سبحان_الله (١١مرة) ثم نقول كم حاربتنى شدة بجيشها فضاق صَدري من لقاها وانزعج، حتى إذا أيِستُ من زوالها، جاءتني الألطاف تسعى بالفرج
حب أهل المدينة بها رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
وممّا يروى عنها رضي الله عنها وأرضاها، و هي لا تزال في سنّ الخامسة من عمرها: أنّها حفظت القرآن الكريم، وأجادت تفسيره، ثم تفقّهت في الدين ،ولازمت قبر جدّها حضرة سيدنا المصطفى ﷺ فأحبّها أهل المدينة حبّا مقرونًا بالإجلال والتعظيم ؛ لما اشتهرت به رضي الله وأرضاها من الزهد والتقوى، وصيام النهار و قيام الليل في عبادة اللّه تعالى.
سبب هجرتها إلي مصر
تقلبتِ الأحوال بآل البيت، وعُزِل والدُها الحسن الأنور عن ولاية المدين بعد وِشايةِ ابنِ أبي ذِئب، وساءت الأحوالُ، وكثُرتِ الفِتَن، واضطربتِ الأمورُ بين ءال البيتِ في الانتقال إلى مكانٍ ءاخرَ غَير المدينة، رغْمَ أنها عزِيزةٌ عليهم، فعَقَدوا العزمَ على الانتقالِ إلى مصر، وكانت سبقتهُم إليها في زمنٍ سابقٍ السيدة الطاهرَة زينب بنتُ الإمام عليّ شقيقة الحسن والحسين وبنت فاطمة الزهراء عليها السلام وحفيدة النبي الأكرم صلى الله عليه وسلم. رحَّب المِصرِيُّون بأهلِ البيت وعلى رأسِهم السيدة نفيسة وزوجها إسحق وابْناها القاسم وأمّ كُلثوم وغيرهم منْ أبناء ءال البيت، وتسَابَقوا في تكريمهم، وتنَافسوا في استضَافَتِهم
هجرتها وحياتها المُشرفة في مصر
استقبلها أهل مصر بالتكبير والتهليل وخرجت الهوادج والخيول تحوطها وزوجها، كان للسيدة نفيسة مَكانة في قلُوب المسلمين عامة، والمصريين خاصة. وكان أهلُ مصر يلتقُونها في موسم الحج، ويسألُونها زيارتَهُم في بلدهم لكثرةِ ما سمعوا عن فَضلِها وعِلمها، فكانت ترحِّبُ بدعوتهم وتقول لهم: سأزورُ بلادكم إن شاء الله فإن الله قَد أثنى على مصرَ وذكَرَها في كتابه الكريم. وقد أوصَى جَدِّي بأهلها خيرًا فقال: “ستفتحون مصرَ وهي أرض يُسمّى فيها القيراط فاستوصوا بأهلها خيرًا، فإن لهم ذمةً ورحِمًا”رواه البخاري ومسلم
كانت أرض الكنانة على موعد مع آل بيت رسول الله، تزينت الأرض وتعطرت لاستقبال سليلة بيت النبوة وعائلتها، وتهلل أهل مصر فرحين لاختيارها المُقام بينهم، فخرجوا لاستقبالها في العريش، لتدخل السيدة المُباركة، الأرض الطيبة وتطأ أقدمها القاهرة في 26 رمضان من عام 193 هـ، وسط ترحاب وإقبال من أهل مصر الذين تلمُسوا العلم والبركة من حفيدة رسول الله اعتزمت السيدة نفسية الإقامة في مصر، ولكثرة الزيارات عليها والتماس أهل مصر لبركتها قالت مقولتها الشهيرة، "كنتُ قد اعتزمت المقام عندكم، غير أني امرأة ضعيفة، وقد تكاثر حولي الناس فشغلوني عن أورادي، وجمع زاد معادي، وقد زاد حنيني إلى روضة جدي المصطفى"، فزع أهل مصر لقولها، إلى أن تدخّل السري بن الحكم والي مصر، وقال لها: يا ابنة رسول الله إني كفيل بإزالة ما تشكين منه"، ووهبها بيتًا كبيرًا، وحدد يومين في الأسبوع ليزورها أهل مصر خلالهما ليتلقوا العلم على يديها
عرفت السيدة نفيسة طوال إقامتها في مصر بـــ
بزهدها وتقواها وورعها، فكانت غزيرة العلم، واسعة المعرفة، إلي أن توفاها الله بمصر
من الذي كان يزورها بمصر تحديدا؟
كان يزور نفيسة العلم رضي الله عنها وأثناء إقامتها بمصر الكثير من العلماء و الصالحين، وكان على رأسهم آنذاك الإمام الشافعي رضي اللّه عنه، وقد سمع منها رضي الله عنها و أرضاها الحديث، وصلّى بحضرتها التراويح في شهر رمضان المبارك، وكان إذا ما مرض، ولم يستطع زيارتها، أرسل لها رسولًا يبلّغها تحياته، ويسألها الدعاء له بالشفاء العاجل.
ونظرًا لكثرة عبادتها وقربها من اللّه … فقد أصبح المكان الذي تقيم فيه، و الذي دفنت به أيضًا … قبرها و مسجدها … محطّ أنظار ملايين الناس الذين يقصدونه من أجل الدعاء المبارك به، عسى اللّه أن يستجيب لهم، و يفرّج عنهم كروبهم.
سافرت إلي الشام أيضاً ، فهي كانت كثيرة الترحال - رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
فسافرت إلى بلاد الشام عند ما بلغ عمرها ثمانية و أربعين عامًا، و هناك زارت قبر نبي الله خليل الرحمن إبراهيم(عليه السّلام)، ثم جاءت إلى مصر و استقرّت بها
عندما شكا لها البعض تعسف الولاة قالت
“كيفما تكونوا يولى عليكم”، أي أصلحوا ذات بينكم يصلح الله لكم ملوككم. لقد فهمت جيدًا ما رمى إليه الحديث القدسي (… قلوب الملوك بيدي. أقلبها كيف أشاء. فأصلحوا ذات بينكم. أصلح لكم ملوككم)
وقيل انها السبب فى توقف احمد بن طولون عن ظلمه حين اشتكاه الناس اليها
وقرا ما كتبته فقالت : "ملكتم فأسرتم، وقدرتم فقهرتم، وخولتم ففسقتم، وردت إليكم الأرزاق فقطعتم، هذا وقد علمتم أن سهام الأسحار نفاذة غير مخطئة لا سيّما من قلوب أوجعتموها، وأكباد جوعتموها، وأجساد عريتموها، فمحال أن يموت المظلوم ويبقى الظالم، اعملوا ما شئتم فإنَّا إلى الله متظلمون، وسيعلم الذين ظلموا أيّ منقلب ينقلبون ".
كراماتها - رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
فقد أخبر كل من عاصرها رضي الله عنها أنها كانت لها كرامات
سلّة الطّعام
قال القناعي رحمه الله: قلت لزينب بنت يحيى أخي السيدة نفيسة: ما كان قوتُ عمّتِك؟ قالت: كانت تأكلُ في كلِ ثلاثة أيامٍ أَكلة، وكانت لها سَلّة مُعلَّقة أمامَ مُصَلاها، وكانت كلما طلبت شيئًا للأكل وجدته في تلك السّلة، وكانت لا تأخذ شيئًا من غير زوجها أو ما يحبوها به ربها، فالحمد لله الذي جعل لنا نصِيبًا مما جعل للسيدة مريم بنت عمران عليه السلام
جَرَيانُ ماءِ النيل
قال سعيد بن الحسن: توقف النيلُ بمصر في زمن السيدة نفيسة فجاء الناسُ إليها وسألُوها الدُّعاء، فأعطَتهُم قِناعَها، فجاءوا بها إلى النهر وطرَحُوه فيه، فما رجعوا حتى فاضَ النِّيل بمائه وزاد زيادة عظيمةً
كانت تقيم بجانبها امرأة يهودية
لها إبنة مشلولة تركتها مرة عند السيدة نفيسة فاذا بالسيدة نفيسة تتوضا فجرى ماء وضوئها إلى البنت اليهودية، فألهمها الله سبحانه وتعالى أن أخذت من ماء الوضوء بيدها ومسحت به على رجليها فشفيت من الشلل ، وعلى اثر ذلك اسلمت المراة اليهودية وزوجها
قصة الثعبان
روى عبد الرحمن الأوزاعي رضي الله عنه إمام الشام وفقيهها وعالمها المتوفى سنة 158 هـ فقال: قلت لجوهرة (إحدى إماء الحسين) هل رأيت من سيدتِك الصّغيرة نفيسة كرامَة؟ قالت: نعم. كنتُ في يومٍ شَديدِ القَيظِ، وإذا بتِنّينٍ –ثُعبانٍ كبير- قَد جاءني وكانَ مَعي ماءٌ لسيّدتي نفيسة، فصارَ ذلك التّنين يمرّغ خَدّه على الإبريق كأنّه يتمَسّح به، متبَرِكًا بمائها، ثم ذهَب من حيث أتى.
دعاؤها للشافعي
كان الإمام الشافعي رضي الله عنه إذا مرِض يرسِلُ لها رسولا من عندِه، كالربيع الجِيزي أو الربيع المُرادِيّ، فيقرئها سلامَه ويقول لها: إن ابن عمّك الشافعي مَرِيض، ويسألُك الدّعاء فتَدعو له، فلا يرجِعُ إليه رسولُه إلا وقد عُوفي مِن مَرضِه. فلمّا مَرض الشافعيُّ مرضَه الأخير، أرسلَ لها على عادتِه رسولَه يسألها الدعاءَ له، فقالت لرسولهِ: متّعَه الله بالنظَر إلى وجهِه الكريم (أي ذاته الكريم في الآخرة
رؤياها لجدِّها صلى الله عليه وسلم
قال زوجها إسحق المؤتمن يومًا لها: “ارحلي بنا إلى الحِجاز”، فقالت: لا أفعلُ ذلك إني رأيتُ رسولَ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في المنام وقال لي: لا تَرحَلي منْ مِصر فإنّ الله تبارك وتعالى متوفِّيكِ فيها
وفاتها رضي الله عنها وأرضاها
أصاب السيدة نفيسة المرض في شهر رجب سنة مائتين وثمان للهجرة وظلَّ المرض يشتَدّ ويقوَى حتى رمضان، فبلغ المرَضُ أقصَاه، وأقعدَها عن الحركة، فأحضَروا لها الطبيبَ فأمرهَا بالفِطر، فقالت: واعجبَاه! إن لي ثلاثينَ سنة وأنا أسأل الله أن يتَوفاني وأنا صائمة أفَأُفطِر؟ وكانَ وراءَ سِتارٍ لها قَبرٌ مَحفُور، فأشَارت إليه وقالت: هذا قبري، وها هنا أُدفن إن شاءَ الله، فإذا مِتُّ فأدخلوني فيه، ويروى أنها ختمت القرءان في قبرها ألف ختمة. فلمّا فاضَت روحُها الطّاهرة الشريفة دُفِنت في قبرها الذي حفَرتْه بيَدِها، وذلكَ بعدَ موتِ الشّافعي بأربع سنوات.
توفيت بمصر في شهر رمضان سنة ثمان ومائتين، ، حيث أنها عاشت في مصر منذ هجرتها من المدينة إلي حين وفاتها في مصر إلى آخر أيامها في شهر رجب من عام 208هـ، حينما هاجمها المرض، لترحل إلى جوار ربها في شهر رمضان المُعظّم من عام 208هـ، وهز رحيلها كيان أهل مصر الذين حزنوا لموتها حزنًا شديدًا، وتزاحم الناس على تشييع جنازتها، وتخليدًا لذكراها يحتفل أهل مصر بيوم مولدها احتفالا مهيبًا يحضر إليه المريدين والمحبين من مختلف الأقطار.
وختمت حياتها بتلاوة القرآن
فبينما كانت تتلو سورة الأنعام، حتى إذا بلغت آية : (لهم دار السلام عند ربهم وهو وليهم بما كانوا يعملون) وصعدت روحها إلى باريها بعد ان تشهدت ,واراد زوجها أن ينقلها إلى البقيع عند جدها عليه الصلاة والسلام ولكن أهل مصر تمسكوا بها وطلبوا منه أن يدفنها عندهم فأبى ولكنه رأى في منامه الرسول يأمر بذلك فدفنها في قبرها الذي حفرته بنفسها في مصر
من أقوال السيدة نفيسة رضي الله عنها و أرضاها
– من أراد النجاة من الفقر فعليه بقراءة سورة الواقعة
– ومن أراد الثبات على الإسلام فعليه بقراءة سورة تبارك
– ومن أراد النجاة من عطش يوم القيامة فعليه بقراءة الفاتحة
– ومن أراد الشُّرْب من حوض النبي ﷺ فعليه بقراءة إنا أعطيناك الكوثر
دعنا الآن: نلقي نظرة حول حكم الكرامة في الإسلام، وهل أصحاب الكرامات لهم علينا واجبات، وهل هذه الواجبات ممكن أن تخالف السنة كالتمسح في الأضرحة وغيرها؟ كل هذا سوف نطرحه في الحديث عن مسجد السيدة زينب بالقاهرة / مصر.
لتتعرف عن قرب علي مسجد السيدة زينب بالقاهرة/مصر... تفضل بزيارة هذا الرابط
مسجد السيدة نفيسة بالقاهرة Sayyida Nafisa Mosque in Cairo
Her Name
Al - Sayyida Nafisa, daughter of Sayyidna al-Hasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib
Her Titles
Nafisa al-Ilm (The Precious One of Knowledge)
Due to her vast knowledge and learning, in addition to her asceticism, piety, and devotion
The Honored and Righteous Lady
Daughter of the Commander of the Faithful (may God be pleased with them both), the Alawite of the Hasanid lineage, owner of the grand shrine located between Egypt and Cairo
The Generous One of Both Worlds
Her Lineage and Family
Sayyida Nafisa, daughter of Sayyidna al-Hasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, was born on the eleventh of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 145 AH in Mecca. She is a continuation of the noble lineage and a descendant of the Prophet's household.
Her Father
Al-Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Sayyid, the grandson of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), al-Hasan ibn Ali. Her father was the governor of Medina for al-Mansur, who later dismissed him and imprisoned him for a time. When al-Mahdi came to power, he released him, treated him with honor, returned his wealth to him, and performed the Hajj pilgrimage with him. He died in al-Hajir, and she moved from Medina to Egypt with her husband, Sharif Ishaq ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq, as has been said.
Her Mother
Her mother was called: Umm Walad (mother of a child)
Some events that occurred at her birth – may God be pleased with her –
Her father's joy at her birth and his naming her Nafisa, hoping she would be a beacon of knowledge in the future
It was the custom of Al-Hasan Al-Anwar, the father of Sayyida Nafisa, to sit in the Sacred House (the Kaaba) to give lessons of knowledge to the people, discuss matters of jurisprudence with them, and study the sciences of the Quran. One day, while he was in this state, a maidservant came to him with good news, saying: "Rejoice, O master, for a beautiful baby girl has been born to you tonight. We have never seen a more beautiful face, nor a more radiant brow. Light shines from her mouth and radiates from her countenance." When Al-Hasan Al-Anwar heard this good news, he rejoiced and prostrated himself before God, thanking Him for the blessing He had bestowed upon him and praising Him for answering his prayer. Then he turned to the slave girl and gave her a generous gift. He then said to her, “Tell the people of the house to name her ‘Nafisa,’ for she will, God willing, be a ‘Nafisa.’” Her mother rejoiced at the birth of her child. What increased al-Hasan al-Anwar’s joy was her striking resemblance to his sister, Sayyida Nafisa bint Zayd (may God be pleased with her), whom the Caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik married.
Her father’s supplication for her upon receiving the good news of her birth
When the attendees, the chosen and righteous followers, heard the news of the birth of al-Hasan al-Anwar’s daughter, they rose and congratulated him on the fulfillment of his hope and the answer to his prayer. He thanked them, then raised his hands to the heavens, extending his palms in supplication and hope, saying, “O God…” O God, make her grow in a goodly manner, accept her with a good and pure acceptance, and make her one of Your righteous servants and your close friends whom You love and who love You. O God, make her a source of virtue, a wellspring of goodness, a source of righteousness, and a beacon of guidance and light. O God, make her precious in knowledge, great in forbearance, of high standing, strong in faith, and complete in certainty.
Her father was appointed governor of Medina by the Abbasid Caliph
The messenger of the Abbasid Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur arrived, dismounted from his horse, and entered the Sacred Mosque. He pushed through the rows of worshippers until he reached al-Hasan al-Anwar. He then took out a letter from his quiver and presented him with the Caliph's gift: a large purse containing twenty thousand dinars. The letter emanated a fragrance of musk, perfume, and incense. The sheikh opened it and read it slowly and deliberately. The people listened, fearful for the head of the household and the great Banu Hashim, lest some harm befall him at the hands of the Caliph. But they did not leave until they saw al-Hasan al-Anwar weeping, which increased their anxiety and fear for him. They asked him about the contents of the Caliph's letter, and he replied, weeping and overwhelmed by the weight of the responsibility placed upon him, "I have been appointed governor of Medina, and the Caliph has chosen me as its ruler." Their faces lit up with joy, and their brows glowed with happiness and delight. They said to him, "Congratulations to the city of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) for having a man like you, who will uphold the banner of justice, spread the flag of truth, and disseminate..." Its sides and between its quarters are security, tranquility, peace and justice. Congratulations to its people that they have attained all of that at the hands of a righteous son from the family of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, who implements the rulings and establishes the limits, revives the Sunnahs, and renews the landmarks of the true religion. So abandon your hesitation, for perhaps you will find someone wronged whom you can help, or someone in distress whom you can aid, or a captive whom you can free, or a fugitive and outcast whom you can protect and shelter. When al-Hasan al-Anwar heard this from them, he was relieved and said to them, “If this leadership is a blessing from God upon us and upon the people, then this newborn is its harbinger”—referring to Lady Nafisa— “and if the leadership is an honor for us, then this newborn is a sign of it.”
As for her brothers
their mother is Umm Salama bint Zaynab bint al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Imam Ali, may God honor his face. This does not diminish her or detract from her worth. As for her brother al-Qasim, he was a righteous, ascetic, and virtuous man who lived Nishapur, and he had descendants there, including Sayyid al-Alawi, from whom al-Hafiz al-Bayhaqi narrated.
Her grandfather was from the Prophet's family (Ahl al-Bayt)
Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, son of Lady Fatima bint Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God honor his face). Therefore, her great-grandfather (may God be pleased with her) is Ali ibn Abi Talib, and her great-grandmother is Lady Fatima (may God be pleased with the Prophet's family).
Her upbringing
Lady Nafisa was raised in a noble environment. After growing up in Mecca surrounded by honor and dignity, her father took her to Medina when she was five years old. He began teaching her about her religion and worldly affairs. She memorized the Quran, learned the hadiths of the trustworthy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and heard about the lives of the righteous and the qualities of the God-fearing. Her upbringing was not limited to memorization, narration, study, and instruction; rather, he was keen to combine both words and deeds in her upbringing. He would include her in his religious practices and worship, and recite his daily prayers with her. He often took her to the Prophet's Mosque so she could witness the congregational prayers of the Muslims and see with her own eyes the processions of the righteous and the delegations of the pious as they eagerly frequented the mosque of the Great Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. God blessed her childhood, so that before she reached the age of eight, she had memorized the Book of God Almighty and a considerable portion of the Prophetic Sunnah. She never left her father's side, whether at home or traveling, and he was a good role model and a righteous example for her. Her heart shone with the light of faith, and her soul was filled with the sweetness of obedience.
And often, as a child, she would supplicate to God, saying
"O God, separate my heart from all that distracts me from You, and make me love all that draws me closer to You. Make easy for me the path to Your obedience, and make me one of those under Your protection, for You are the One to whom we turn in times of hardship, the One to whom we turn in times of calamity and distress."
In her youth and before marriage
She received knowledge from the scholars of the Prophet's Mosque, learning the principles of Hadith and jurisprudence. Before reaching marriageable age, she was known as "Nafisa al-'Ilm" (the precious one of knowledge) due to her brilliance and scholarship, as well as her piety and devotion.
The Blessed Marriage
Many admirers sought to marry Sayyida Nafisa because of her piety and knowledge. Her father agreed to her marriage to a man from the lineage of the Prophet, Ishaq al-Mu'taman ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. The marriage took place in 161 AH, and with their union, two lights joined in her home: the light of al-Hasan and al-Husayn, the masters of the youth of Paradise. Sayyida Nafisa's grandfather was Imam al-Hasan, and Ishaq al-Mu'taman's grandfather was Imam al-Husayn, may God be pleased with them both.
Her trusted husband was a half-brother of Lady Aisha (may God be pleased with her), the Mother of the Believers
Then she married her cousin, Ishaq al-Mu'taman ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq ibn Muhammad al-Baqir ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin ibn al-Husayn ibn Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, Commander of the Faithful and son of Fatima al-Zahra al-Batul, the daughter of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him). She was a granddaughter of al-Hasan, and her husband was a grandson of al-Husayn (may God be pleased with them). Her husband was called Ishaq al-Mu'taman because of his great trustworthiness and strong faith. Sayyid Ishaq al-Mu'taman was the brother of Lady Aisha (may God be pleased with her). Thus, Lady Nafisa was the wife of Lady Aisha's brother (daughter of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq). Perhaps many are unaware of this connection between the two granddaughters of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), who are well-known in Cairo: Lady Nafisa and Lady Aisha.
Her children
Al-Qasim
Umm Kulthum
Before her family moved to Egypt
Among the qualities attributed to her – may God be pleased with her
She was among the righteous and devout worshippers.
Supplications are answered at her grave, and indeed at the graves of the prophets and the righteous.
Our Lady Nafisa, may God be pleased with her, was distinguished, as were other members of our noble family, may God be pleased with them all, by her devotion to the worship of God and her fear of His punishment. While still residing in Medina with her father, she was constantly engaged in worship and reciting the Holy Quran.
Her acts of worship, may God be pleased with her, included:
- Hajj (pilgrimage)
While in Medina, she frequently traveled to Mecca to perform Hajj. It is said that she performed Hajj thirty times, most of them on foot. It is narrated that while circumambulating the Kaaba, she would turn to God and say: “My God, my Master, my Lord: Grant me Your pleasure, for there is no reason for me to be separated from You.” On my behalf”
- The Worship of Supplication
Supplication for Relief from Distress: She, may God be pleased with her, would recite: “We recite Surah Al-Fatihah once, Surah Al-Ikhlas (Say, He is God, the One) (11 times), and Subhan Allah (11 times). Then we would say: ‘How many hardships have assailed me with their armies, and my heart was constricted and distressed by their arrival. But when I despaired of their removal, divine favors came rushing to bring relief.
She, may God be pleased with her, had her supplications answered
From where did she spend her wealth, may God be pleased with her and grant her His favor? Lady Nafisa was chaste and self-sufficient. She was never known to have extended her hand to any creature. She used to spend on herself and her household from her own money, her husband's money, or what came to her from what she spun with her own hands.
Which scholars of Islamic jurisprudence and religion did Nafisa al-Ilm meet during her life?
God Almighty ordained that she should meet with eminent scholars, leading jurists, and pious and devout sheikhs such as:
Bishr ibn al-Harith, known as al-Hafi
The pious Imam of the Sunnis, Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Imam al-Shafi'i
Imam Malik
Abdullah ibn al-Hakam
Abu Sa'id Sahnun ibn Sa'id, the Maliki jurist
Al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi, one of al-Shafi'i's companions
Al-Rabi' al-Jizi and many others
The people of Medina loved her, may God be pleased with her
Among the accounts narrated about her, may God be pleased with her, when she was only five years old, is that she memorized the Holy Quran, mastered its interpretation, and then became learned in the religion. She frequented the grave of her grandfather, the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. The people of Medina loved her with a love coupled with reverence and veneration. Because of what she was known for, may God be pleased with her, in terms of asceticism and piety, fasting during the day and praying at night in worship of God Almighty.
The reason for her migration to Egypt
The circumstances of the Prophet's family changed, and her father, Al-Hasan Al-Anwar, was removed from his position as governor of Medina after the slander of Ibn Abi Dhi'b. Conditions worsened, strife increased, and matters became turbulent among the Prophet's family regarding moving to a place other than Medina, even though it was dear to them. So, they resolved to move to Egypt. The pure lady Zaynab, daughter of Imam Ali, sister of Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn, daughter of Fatima Al-Zahra, peace be upon her, and granddaughter of the Noble Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had preceded them there at an earlier time. The Egyptians welcomed the family of the Prophet, especially Sayyida Nafisa, her husband Ishaq, her children Qasim and Umm Kulthum, and other members of the Prophet's family. They vied with one another to honor them and compete in hosting them.
Her Migration and Honorable Life in Egypt
The people of Egypt received her with cries of "Allahu Akbar" and "La ilaha illallah." Caravans and horses surrounded her and her husband. Sayyida Nafisa held a special place in the hearts of Muslims in general, and Egyptians in particular. The people of Egypt would meet her during the Hajj season and ask her to visit them in their country, having heard so much about her virtue and knowledge. She would accept their invitation, saying, "I will visit your country, God willing, for God has praised Egypt and mentioned it in His Holy Book." My grandfather enjoined kindness towards its people, saying, “You will conquer Egypt, a land where the qirat is the unit of measurement. Treat its people well, for they have a covenant and kinship with us.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
The land of Egypt was destined to welcome the family of the Prophet PBUH
The land adorned itself and perfumed itself to receive the descendant of the Prophet’s household and her family. The people of Egypt rejoiced at her choice to reside among them, and they went out to greet her in Al-Arish. The blessed lady entered the good land and set foot in Cairo on the 26th of Ramadan in the year 193 AH, amidst the warm welcome and enthusiasm of the Egyptian people who sought knowledge and blessings from the granddaughter of the Prophet. Lady Nafisa intended to stay in Egypt, and due to the numerous visits, she received and the Egyptian people’s seeking of her blessings, she uttered her famous words, “I had intended to stay with you, but I am a frail woman, and the crowds around me have distracted me from my devotional practices and preparing for my journey. My longing for the garden of my grandfather, the Chosen One, has increased.” The people of Egypt were alarmed. Egypt, according to her statement, until Al-Sari bin Al-Hakam, the governor of Egypt, intervened and said to her: “O daughter of the Messenger of God, I guarantee to remove what you are complaining about.” He gifted her a large house and designated two days a week for the people of Egypt to visit her and learn from her.
Egypt was destined to welcome the family of the Prophet Muhammad. The land adorned itself and perfumed itself to receive the descendant of the Prophet's household and her family. The people of Egypt rejoiced at her choice to reside among them, and they went out to greet her in Al-Arish. The blessed lady entered the good land and set foot in Cairo on the 26th of Ramadan in the year 193 AH, amidst a warm welcome from the people of Egypt who sought knowledge and blessings from the granddaughter of the Prophet. Lady Nafisa intended to stay in Egypt, but due to the numerous visits she received and the Egyptians' desire for her blessings, she uttered her famous saying, "I had intended to stay with you, but I am a frail woman, and the crowds around me have distracted me from my devotions and preparing for my journey. My longing for the garden of my grandfather, the Chosen One, has increased." The people of Egypt were alarmed by her words, until Al-Sari ibn Al-Hakam, the governor of Egypt, intervened and said to her, "O daughter of the Messenger of God, I guarantee to remove what you are complaining about." He gifted her a large house and designated two days a week for the people of Egypt to visit her and receive knowledge from her. Her Hands
Throughout her stay in Egypt, Sayyida Nafisa was known for
Her asceticism, piety, and devoutness. She was a woman of vast knowledge and profound learning, until she passed away in Egypt.
Who specifically visited her in Egypt?
Many scholars and righteous people visited Sayyida Nafisa, may God be pleased with her, during her time in Egypt. Among them was Imam al-Shafi'i, may God be pleased with him. He heard hadith from her, may God be pleased with her, and prayed the Taraweeh prayers in her presence during the blessed month of Ramadan. When he fell ill and was unable to visit her, he would send a messenger to convey his greetings and ask her to pray for his speedy recovery.
Due to her abundant worship and closeness to God, the place where she resided and was buried—her grave and mosque—became a focal point for millions of people who flocked there to offer blessed supplications, hoping that God would answer their prayers and relieve their distress.
She also traveled to Syria, for she was a frequent traveler—may God be pleased with her
She traveled to Syria when she was forty-eight years old, and there she visited the tomb of the Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), the friend of God, the Merciful. Then she came to Egypt and settled there.
When some people complained to her about the tyranny of the rulers, she said
“As you are, so shall your rulers be,” meaning, “Reconcile your differences, and God will make your rulers righteous for you.” I understood perfectly the meaning of the hadith qudsi (…the hearts of kings are in My hands. I turn them as I will. So, reconcile your differences, and I will rectify your rulers for you).
It is said that this was the reason Ahmad ibn Tulun ceased his oppression when the people complained to her
He read what she had written, and she said: “You ruled and imprisoned, you had power and oppressed, you were entrusted with authority, and you transgressed, and sustenance was returned to you, and you cut it off. Know that the arrows of supplication at dawn are piercing and unerring, especially those from hearts you have wounded, livers you have starved, and bodies you have left naked. It is impossible for the oppressed to die while the oppressor remains. Do as you please, for we will seek redress from God, and those who have wronged will soon know what a terrible fate awaits them.”
Her miracles – may God be pleased with her and grant her His favor
For all who lived during her time, may God be pleased with her, reported that she possessed miracles.
The food basket
Al-Qana’i, may God have mercy on him, said: I asked Zaynab bint Yahya, the sister of Sayyida Nafisa: What was your aunt’s staple food? She said: She would eat one meal every three days, and she had a basket hanging in front of her prayer mat. Whenever she asked for something to eat, she would find it in that basket. She would not take anything from anyone other than her husband or what her Lord provided for her. Praise be to God who has granted us a share of what He granted to Mary, daughter of Imran, peace be upon her.
The Flow of the Nile
Sa'id ibn al-Hasan said: The Nile stopped flowing in Egypt during the time of Sayyida Nafisa. People came to her and asked her to pray for them. She gave them her veil, and they took it to the river and threw it into it. They did not return until the Nile overflowed its banks and its water increased greatly.
A Jewish woman lived near her
She had a paralyzed daughter whom she left with Sayyida Nafisa once. Sayyida Nafisa was performing ablution when the water flowed to the Jewish girl. God, the Exalted, inspired her to take some of the ablution water in her hand and wipe it on the girl's legs, and she was cured of her paralysis. Following this, the Jewish woman and her husband converted to Islam.
The Story of the Snake
Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i, may God be pleased with him, the Imam, jurist, and scholar of Damascus, who died in 158 AH, narrated: I asked Jawhara (one of al-Husayn's slave girls), "Did you see any miracle from your young mistress, Nafisa?" She replied, "Yes. One very hot day, a dragon—a large snake—came to me. I had water with me for my mistress, Nafisa. The dragon began rubbing its cheek against the pitcher as if seeking blessings from the water, then it went back the way it had come."
Her Prayer for Al-Shafi'i
When Imam Al-Shafi'i, may God be pleased with him, fell ill, he would send a messenger to her, such as Rabi' al-Jizi or Rabi' al-Muradi, to convey his greetings and say, "Your cousin Al-Shafi'i is ill and asks for your prayers." She would then pray for him, and the messenger would not return until he had recovered. When Al-Shafi'i fell ill with his final illness, he sent his messenger to her as was his custom, asking for her prayers. She replied to the messenger, "May God grant him the joy of gazing upon His Noble Countenance (i.e., His Noble Essence in the Hereafter)."
Her Vision of Her Grandfather, peace and blessings be upon him
One day, her husband, Ishaq al-Mu'taman, said to her, "Let us travel to the Hijaz." She replied, "I will not do that. I saw the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, in a dream, and he said to me, 'Do not leave Egypt, for God, Blessed and Exalted is He, will cause you to die there.
Her Death, May God be pleased with her
Sayyida Nafisa fell ill in the month of Rajab in the year 208 AH. Her illness worsened until Ramadan, when it reached its peak and left her immobile. A doctor was brought to her, who advised her to break her fast. She exclaimed, "How strange! For thirty years I have been asking God to take my soul while I am fasting. Should I break my fast now?" Behind a curtain, a grave had been dug for her. She pointed to it and said, "This is my grave, and here I will be buried, God willing. When I die, place me in it." It is narrated that she recited the Quran a thousand times in her grave. When her pure and noble soul departed, she was buried in the grave she had dug herself, four years after the death of al-Shafi'i.
She passed away in Egypt during Ramadan in the year 208 AH.
She had lived in Egypt from her migration from Medina until her death there, in her final days in the month of Rajab of the year 208 AH, when illness struck her. She departed to be with her Lord during the blessed month of Ramadan of the year 208 AH. Her passing deeply saddened the people of Egypt, who grieved her loss intensely. Crowds thronged to her funeral procession, and in commemoration of her memory, the people of Egypt celebrate her birthday with a grand ceremony attended by her followers and admirers from all over the world.
She concluded her life reciting the Quran
While she was reciting Surah Al-An'am, when she reached the verse: "For them is the abode of peace with their Lord, and He is their Protector because of what they used to do," her soul ascended to her Creator after she had recited the Shahada. Her husband wanted to take her to Al-Baqi' cemetery near her grandfather, peace and blessings be upon him, but the people of Egypt insisted on burying her there. He refused, but then he saw the Prophet in a dream commanding him to do so, so he buried her in the grave she had dug herself in Egypt.
Some Sayings of Sayyida Nafisa (may God be pleased with her)
– Whoever desires salvation from poverty should recite Surah Al-Waqi'ah.
– Whoever desires steadfastness in Islam should recite Surah Al-Mulk.
– Whoever desires salvation from the thirst of the Day of Judgment should recite Surah Al-Fatihah.
– Whoever desires to drink from the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) Basin should recite Surah Al-Kawthar.
Now let us examine the ruling on miracles in Islam, whether those who possess miracles have obligations upon us, and whether these obligations might contradict the Sunnah, such as seeking blessings at shrines. All of this will be discussed in our talk about the Sayyida Zaynab Mosque in Cairo, Egypt.
To learn more about the Sayyida Zaynab Mosque in Cairo, Egypt, please visit this link
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