السيدة صفية بنت حيي The Lady Safiyya bint Huyayy
الإسم
صَفِيَّةُ بنت حُيَيِّ بن أخطب بن سعنة
أبيها
أبوها سيد بني النضير وأحد زعماء اليهود، من سبط لاوي بن نبي الله إسرائيل بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم عليهم السلام ، ثم من ولد هارون بن عمران ، أخي موسى عليه السلام
أمها
أمها هي برة بنت سموأل، من بني قريظة
ديانتها قبل الدخول في الإسلام
يهودية
زواجها الأول
تزوجها قبل إسلامها سلام بن مكشوح القرظي -وقيل: سلام بن مشكم- فارس قومها ومن كبار شعرائهم
زواجها الثاني
ثم تزوّجها كنانة بن أبي الحقيق، وقتل كنانة يوم خيبر، وأُخذت هي مع الأسرى
الزيجة المباركة بالبيت النبوي
كانت مع أبيها وابن عمها بالمدينة المنورة، فلما أجلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم بني النضير ساروا إلى خيبر، وقُتل أبوها مع من قُتل مِن بني قريظة
لما وقعت في الأسر اصطفاها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم لنفسه، وخيَّرها بين الإسلام والبقاء على دينها قائلاً لها: «اختاري، فإن اخترت الإسلام أمسكتك لنفسي -أي: تزوَّجتك-، وإن اخترت اليهودية فعسى أن أعتقك فتلحقي بقومك»، فقالت: يا رسول الله، لقد هويت الإسلام وصدقت بك قبل أن تدعوني؛ حيث صرت إلى رحلك وما لي في اليهودية أرب، وما لي فيها والد ولا أخ، وخيرتني الكفر والإسلام، فالله ورسوله أحب إليَّ من العتق وأن أرجع إلى قومي.، ثم إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم أعتقها وتزوَّجها، وكانت ماشطتها أم سليم التي مشطتها أم أنس بن مالك . فبات بها رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في قبة له . وعطرتها ، وهيّأتها للقاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وجعل عتقها صداقها قال أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآله وسَلَّمَ خَيْبَرَ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الحِصْنَ ذُكِرَ لَهُ جَمَالُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ زَوْجُهَا، وَكَانَتْ عَرُوسًا، فَاصْطَفَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآله وسَلَّمَ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَخَرَجَ بِهَا حَتَّى بَلَغْنَا سَدَّ الرَّوْحَاءِ حَلَّتْ فَبَنَى بِهَا، ثُمَّ صَنَعَ حَيْسًا فِي نِطَعٍ صَغِيرٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآله وَسَلَّمَ: «آذِنْ مَنْ حَوْلَكَ»، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ وَلِيمَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآله وسَلَّمَ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا إِلَى المَدِينَةِ قَالَ: فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآله وسَلَّمَ يُحَوِّي لَهَا وَرَاءَهُ بِعَبَاءَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ عِنْدَ بَعِيرِهِ، فَيَضَعُ رُكْبَتَهُ فَتَضَعُ صَفِيَّةُ رِجْلَهَا عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ حَتَّى تَرْكَبَ. رواه البخاري في "صحيحه" (3/ 84)
حزنت مرة من كلام السيدة عائشة والسيدة وحفصة رضي الله عنهن جميعا لإغتيابها بأنها من أصل يهودي
تقول صفيّة رضي الله عنها: دخلت على النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وقد بلغني عن عائشة وحفصة كلام، فقلت له: بلغني أن عائشة وحفصة تقولان نحن خير من صفية، نحن بنات عم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم وأزواجه، فقال: «أَلَا قُلْتِ: فَكَيْفَ تَكُونَانِ خَيْرًا مِنِّي، وَزَوْجِي مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَبِي هَارُونُ وَعَمِّي مُوسَى».
قصة الجارية التي فتنت بين سيدنا عمر بن الخطاب وبينها في عهده وهو أمير المؤمنين، ورد فعلها يدل علي حلمها وعقلها رضي الله عنها
أن الجارية أتت عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه فقالت: إن صفية تحب السبت، وتصل اليهود، فبعث عمر يسألها، فقالت: أما السبت فلم أحبه منذ أبدلني الله به الجمعة، وأما اليهود فإنَّ لي فيهم رحمًا فأنا أصلها، ثم قالت للجارية: ما حملكِ على ما صنعت قالت: الشيطان. قالت: اذهبي فأنت حرَّة.
لما مرض رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم
تأثَّرت رضي الله عنها لمرضه، وتمنت أن لو كانت هي مكانه، فقد أورد ابن حجر في "الإصابة" وابن سعد في "الطبقات"، عن زيد بن أسلم رضي الله عنه قال: اجتمع نساء النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في مرضه الذي توفى فيه، واجتمع إليه نساؤه، فقالت صفية بنت حيي: إني والله يا نبي الله لوددتُ أنَّ الذي بك بي، فتغامزت زوجات النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم، فقال صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: «وَاللهِ إِنَّهَا لَصَادِقَةٌ»
كانت تدرس دين الله تبارك وتعالي في حجرتها
ولم تكن رضي الله عنها تدَّخر جهدًا في النصح وهداية الناس، ووعظهم وتذكيرهم بالله عز وجل، ومن ذلك أن نفرًا اجتمعوا في حجرتها، يذكرون الله تعالى ويتلون القرآن، حتى تُليت آية كريمة فيها موضع سجدة، فسجدوا، فنادتهم من وراء حجاب قائلة: هذا السجود وتلاوة القرآن، فأين البكاء.
وفاتها رضي الله عنها
ولقد عايشت رضي الله عنها عهد الخلفاء الراشدين، حتى أدركت زمن معاوية رضي الله عنه، ثم كان موعدها مع الرفيق الأعلى سنة خمسين للهجرة، لتختم حياة قضتها في رحاب العبادة، دون أن تنسى معاني الأخوة والمحبة التي انعقدت بينها وبين رفيقاتها على الدرب
وصيتها رضي الله عنها
أوصت بألف دينار لعائشة بنت الصدِّيق رضي الله عنهما، وقد دفنت بالبقيع. فرضي الله عنها وعن سائر أمهات المؤمنين.
Her Name
Safiyya bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab ibn Sa'na
Her Father
Her father was the chieftain of Banu Nadir and one of the Jewish leaders, from the tribe of Levi, son of the Prophet Israel, son of Isaac, son of Abraham (peace be upon them), and from the descendants of Aaron, son of Amram, the brother of Moses (peace be upon him).
Her Mother
Her mother was Barra bint Samaw'al, from Banu Qurayza.
Her Religion Before Embracing Islam
Jewish
Her First Marriage
Before her conversion to Islam, she was married to Salam ibn Makshuh al-Qurazi—or, as some say, Salam ibn Mishkam—a knight of her tribe and one of their great poets.
Her Second Marriage
Then she married Kinanah ibn Abi al-Huqayq. Kinanah was killed at the Battle of Khaybar, and she was taken captive.
The Blessed Marriage in the Prophet's Household
She was living with her father and cousin in Medina when the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) expelled the Banu Nadir. They marched to Khaybar, and her father was killed along with those of the Banu Qurayza.
When she was taken captive, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) chose her for himself and gave her the choice between Islam and remaining in her religion, saying to her, “Choose. If you choose Islam, I will keep you for myself—that is, I will marry you—and if you choose Judaism, perhaps I will free you so you can rejoin your people.” She replied, “O Messenger of God, I have embraced Islam and believed in you before you even called me to it.” I came to your tent, and I had no desire for Judaism, nor did I have a father or brother there. You gave me the choice between disbelief and Islam, and God and His Messenger are dearer to me than being freed and returning to my people. Then the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, freed her and married her. Her hairdresser was Umm Sulaym, who had combed her hair, the mother of Anas ibn Malik. So the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, spent the night with her in his tent. He perfumed her and prepared her for the meeting with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and made her freedom her dowry. Anas bin Malik, may God be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Khaybar. When God granted him victory over the fortress, the beauty of Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab was mentioned to him. Her husband had been killed, and she was a bride. The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, chose her for himself. He took her out until we reached the Rawha' Dam, where she was released from her marital bond, and he consummated the marriage with her. Then he did He prepared a dish of dates and ghee in a small leather bag. Then the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, said: “Inform those around you.” That was the wedding feast of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, for Safiyyah. Then we went out to Medina. He said: I saw the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace, covering her behind him with a cloak. Then he sat down by his camel and placed his knee down, and Safiyyah placed her foot down as well. On his knee until she mounted. Narrated by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih (3/84)
The Prophet Muhammad's (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) aim in marrying her was to honor and elevate her status, as well as to compensate her for the loss of her family and tribe. Furthermore, he sought to establish a marital bond with the Jews, hoping to lessen their hostility and pave the way for their acceptance of the true message he brought.
Excerpts from her life in the Prophet's household
The story of the mark the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) found on her face (may God be pleased with her):
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) found a mark on her cheek and asked, "What is this?" She replied, "I dreamt that the moon came from Yathrib and fell into my lap. I told my cousin, Ibn Abi Haqiq, about the dream, and he slapped me, saying, 'You wish that the king of Yathrib would marry you?' This is from his slap."
In another narration
it is said that when the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, expelled the Jews of Banu Nadir from Medina, most of them went to Khaybar. Among them were Huyayy ibn Akhtab and the Banu Abi al-Huqayq, who were wealthy and held a position of honor among their people. Safiyyah was a young girl at the time, not yet of age. When she reached marriageable age, one of her cousins married her. After she was brought to him and consummated the marriage, and several nights had passed, she dreamt that the moon had fallen into her lap. She told her cousin about her dream, and he slapped her across the face, saying, "Do you wish for the king of Yathrib to become your husband?" Then he slapped her again.
The jealousy of the Prophet's wives (may God be pleased with them) towards her:
She (may God be pleased with her) was a noble, intelligent woman of distinguished lineage and beauty inherited from her ancestors. This beauty naturally stirred feelings of jealousy in the hearts of the Prophet's wives (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Lady Zaynab bint Jahsh (may God be pleased with her) expressed this by saying: "I believe this young woman will surpass us in the time of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)."
I was once saddened by the words of Aisha and Hafsa (may God be pleased with them both) when they spoke ill of me, claiming I was of Jewish origin
Safiyya (may God be pleased with her) said: I went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) after hearing something said by Aisha and Hafsa. I said to him, “I have heard that Aisha and Hafsa say, ‘We are better than Safiyya. We are the daughters of the Prophet’s paternal uncle and his wives.’ He replied, ‘Why didn’t you say, “How can you be better than me, when my husband is Muhammad, my father is Aaron, and my uncle is Moses?
The story of the slave girl who caused discord between Umar ibn al-Khattab and her during his caliphate, and her reaction, which demonstrates her wisdom and intelligence, may God be pleased with her
The slave girl came to Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, and said: “Safiyya loves the Sabbath and maintains ties with the Jews.” So, Umar sent someone to question her, and she said: “As for the Sabbath, I have not loved it since God replaced it for me with Friday. As for the Jews, I have relatives among them, so I maintain those ties.” Then she said to the slave girl: “What made you do what you did?” She replied: “The devil.” Umar said: “Go, you are free.
The jealousy of the Prophet's wives (may God be pleased with them) towards her
She (may God be pleased with her) was a noble, intelligent woman of distinguished lineage and beauty inherited from her ancestors. This beauty naturally stirred feelings of jealousy in the hearts of the Prophet's wives (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Lady Zaynab bint Jahsh (may God be pleased with her) expressed this by saying: "I believe this young woman will surpass us in the time of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)."
She was once saddened by the words of Aisha and Hafsa (may God be pleased with them both) when they spoke ill of me, claiming I was of Jewish origin.
Safiyya (may God be pleased with her) said: I went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) after hearing something said by Aisha and Hafsa. I said to him, “I have heard that Aisha and Hafsa say, ‘We are better than Safiyya. We are the daughters of the Prophet’s paternal uncle and his wives.’ He replied, ‘Why didn’t you say, “How can you be better than me, when my husband is Muhammad, my father is Aaron, and my uncle is Moses?
The story of the slave girl who caused a rift between Umar ibn al-Khattab and her during his caliphate, and her reaction, which demonstrates her wisdom and intelligence, may God be pleased with her
The slave girl came to Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, and said: “Safiyya loves the Sabbath and maintains ties with the Jews.” So, Umar sent someone to question her. She replied: “As for the Sabbath, I have not loved it since God replaced it for me with Friday. As for the Jews, I have relatives among them, so I maintain those ties.” Then she asked the slave girl: “What made you do what you did?” The girl replied: “The devil.” Umar said: “Go, you are free.”
When the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, fell ill
Safiyyah bint Huyayy, may God be pleased with her, was deeply affected by his illness and wished she could have been in his place. Ibn Hajar, in his book "Al-Isabah," and Ibn Sa'd, in his book "Al-Tabaqat," both narrate on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam, may God be pleased with him, who said: The wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, gathered around him during his final illness. Safiyyah bint Huyayy said, "By God, O Prophet of God, I wish that what you are suffering was afflicting me." The wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, exchanged glances, and he, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said, "By God, she is truthful."
She used to study the religion of God, the Blessed and Exalted, in her room
She spared no effort in advising and guiding people, preaching to them, and reminding them of God, the Almighty and Majestic. For example, a group of people gathered in her room, remembering God and reciting the Quran, until a verse containing a prostration was recited. They prostrated, and she called to them from behind a curtain, saying: This Prostration and recitation of the Quran—where is the weeping?
Her Death (may God be pleased with her)
She lived during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, until she witnessed the time of Mu'awiyah (may God be pleased with him). Then, in the year 50 AH, she met her Lord, concluding a life spent in worship, never forgetting the bonds of sisterhood and love that existed between her and her companions on the path.
Her Will (may God be pleased with her)
She bequeathed one thousand dinars to Aisha bint Abi Bakr (may God be pleased with them both). She was buried in Al-Baqi'. May God be pleased with her and with all the mothers of the Believers.
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