سيدنا الحسين رضي الله عنه Our master Al-Hussein, may God be pleased with him
الإسم
الحُسين ابن علي ابن أبي طالب
الألقاب
حفيد / سبط رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
سيد شهداء أهل الجنة
النشأة والميلاد
نَشَأَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ فِي بَيتِ النُّبُوَّةِ تَحتَ الأَنظَارِ المُحَمَّدِيَّةِ، حَيثُ إِنَّهُ تَرَبَّى فِي كَنَفِ جَدِّهِ المُصطَفَى ﷺ سَبعَ سِنِينَ، وَفِي كَنَفِ أُمِّهِ الزَّهرَاءِ مَا يُقَارِبُهَا، وَأَقَامَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ أَمِيرِ المُؤمِنِينَ سَبعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً
عندما وُلد سر به جده صلى الله عليه وسلم سروراً عظيماً وذهب إلى بيت الزهراء رضي الله عنها وحمل الطفل ثم قال: ماذا سميتم ابني؟ قالوا: حرباً فسماه الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم حسيناً، ولد الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه في الخامس من شعبان في السنة الرابعة للهجرة في المدينة المنورة
شَمِلَتهُ دَعوَةُ جَدِّهِ المُصطَفَى ﷺ لَمَّا جَلَّلَهُ مَعَ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ وَأَخِيهِ الحَسَنِ بِكِسَاءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: “اللهم هَؤُلَاءِ أَهلُ بَيتِي وَخَاصَّتِي، أَذهِب عَنهُمُ الرِّجسَ وَطَهِّرهُم تَطهِيرًا“، رَوَاهُ التِّرمِذِيُّ.
أمه
هي السيدة/ الزهراء فاطمة احد النساء الأربع الكاملات ، وبنت رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
أبيه
ابن الإمام علي بن أبي طالب كرم الله وجهه وهو أخو الإمام الحسن رضي الله تعالى عنه وأرضاه
تكريم رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم له
ذكر الترمذي وابن ماجة والحاكم في "المستدرك" قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
"حسين مني وأنا من حسين أحب الله من أحب حسيناً: الحسن والحسين سبطان من الأسباط"
كما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
"أُحشر أنا والأنبياء في صعيد واحد فينادى: معاشر الأنبياء تفاخروا بالأولاد فأفتخر بولدي الحسن والحسين"
روي أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج يوماَ من بيت عائشة فمر على بيت فاطمة الزهراء
فسمع حسيناً يبكي فقال: "ألم تعلمي أن بكاءه يؤذيني؟"
وروي أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قام يخطب في الناس
فجاء الحسن والحسين رضي الله عنهما وعليهما قميصان أحمران يمشيان ويعثران فنزل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من فوق المنبر فحملهما ووضعهما بين يديه ثم قال: "صدق الله {أَنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ} نظرت إلى هذين الصبيين يمشيان ويعثران فلم أصبر حتى قطعت حديثي ورفعتهما".
وروي ان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يضم الحسن والحسين
ويأخذهما إلى قلبه ويمسك دمعه وقلبه الشريف يدق ألماً للمصير الذي أحس انهما سيلقياه دفاعاً عن دين الله.
وَعَن أُسَامَةَ بنِ زَيدٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيضًا
”هَذَانِ ابنَايَ وَابنَا ابنَتِيَ، اللهم إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُمَا فَأَحِبَّهُمَا وَأَحِبَّ مَن يُحِبُّهُمَا“،رَوَاهُ التِّرمِذِيُّ.
وَمِن مَنَاقِبِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ مَا جَاءَ عَن يَعلَى بنِ مُرَّةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ
“حُسَينٌ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِن حُسَينٍ، أَحَبَّ اللهُ مَن أَحَبَّ حُسَينًا“، رَوَاهُ التِّرمِذِيُّ.
وَرَوَى الحَاكِمُ فِي المُستَدرَكِ عَن سَلمَانَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ
“الحَسَنُ وَالحُسَينُ ابنَايَ، مَن أَحَبَّهُمَا أَحَبَّنِي، وَمَن أَحَبَّنِي أَحَبَّهُ اللهُ، وَمَن أَحَبَّهُ اللهُ أَدخَلَهُ الجَنَّةَ، وَمَن أَبغَضَهُمَا أَبغَضَنِي، وَمَن أَبغَضَنِي أَبغَضَهُ اللهُ، وَمَن أَبغَضَهُ اللهُ أَدخَلَهُ النَّارَ“.
رَوَى الإِمَامُ أَحمَدُ فِي مُسنَدِهِ عَن عَلِيٍّ كَرَّمَ اللهُ وَجهَهُ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ عَلَى المَنَامَةِ
فَاستَسقَى الحَسَنُ أَوِ الحُسَينُ، قَالَ: فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى شَاةٍ لَنَا فَحَلَبَهَا فَدَرَّت، فَجَاءَهُ الحَسَنُ فَنَحَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَت فَاطِمَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، كَأَنَّهُ أَحَبُّهُمَا إِلَيكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ استَسقَى قَبلَهُ“، ثُمَّ قَالَ: “إِنِّي وَإِيَّاكِ وَهَذَينِ وَهَذَا الرَّاقِدَ، فِي مَكَانٍ وَاحِدٍ يَومَ القِيَامَةِ“
نماذج من إكرام الصحابة الكرام لهم - رضوان الله علي الجميع -
أَبُو بَكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ قَالَ
ارقُبُوا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فِي أَهلِ بَيتِهِ، رَوَاهُ البُّخَارِيُّ
وَهَذَا أَبُو هُرَيرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ
كَانَ يَنفُضُ التُّرَابَ عَن قَدَمَيِ الحُسَينِ بِطَرَفِ ثَوبِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الحُسَينُ: يَا أَبَا هُرَيرَةَ، أَنتَ تَفعَل هَذَا؟، فَقَالَ: دَعنِي، فَوَاللهِ لَو يَعلَمُ النَّاسُ مِنكَ مَا أَعلَمُ لَحَمَلُوكَ عَلَى رِقَابِهِم.
وَجَاءَ أَنَاسٌ مِنَ العِرَاقِ إِلَى ابنِ عُمَرَ يَسأَلُونَهُ
عَنِ المُحرِمِ قَتَلَ الذُّبَابَ، فَقَالَ: أَهلُ العِرَاقِ يَسأَلُونَ عَنِ الذُّبَابِ وَقَد قَتَلُوا ابنَ ابنَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيُّ.
وَهَذَا حَبرُ الأُمَّةِ وُتُرجُمَانُ القُرءَانِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ عَبَّاسٍ - رضي الله عنه -
كَانَ يُمسِكُ بِرِكَابِ الحَسَنِ وَالحُسَينِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: تَأخُذُ بِرِكَابِهِم وَأَنتَ أَسَنُّ مِنهُمَا؟، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَينِ ابنَا رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، أَوَلَيسَ مِن سَعَادَتِي أَن آخُذَ بِرِكَابِهِمَا.
مواقف من حياة الإمام الحسين في حياة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
كم من الوقت قد أدرك الإمام الحسين حياة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم؟
أدرك الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه ست سنوات وسبعة أشهر وسبعة أيام من عصر النبوة حيث كان فيها موضع الحب والحنان من الرحمة المهداة صلى الله عليه وسلم فكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كثيراً ما يداعبه و يضمه و يقبله.
حب رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم الشديد للحسين رضي الله عنه
وكان صلى الله عليه وسلم يلقاه في الطرقات مع بعض لداته فيتقدم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم أمام القوم ويبسط للغلام يديه والغلام يفر هنا وهاهنا والرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم يمازحه ويضاحكه ثم يأخذه فيضع إحدى يديه تحت قفاه والأخرى تحت ذقنه ويقبله وهو يقول صلى الله عليه وسلم: "حسين مني و أنا من حسين"
رحمة رسول الله واقراره بأحقية الأطفال في اللعب بل بالأحري الأحفاد
وكان الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم يدخل في صلاته حتى إذا سجد جاء الحسين فركب ظهره وكان صلى الله عليه وسلم يطيل السجدة فيسأله بعض أصحابه انك يا رسول الله سجدت سجدة بين ظهراني صلاتك أطلتها حتى ظننا انه قد حدث أمر او انه يوحى إليك فيقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: (كل ذلك لم يكن ولكن ابني ارتحلني فكرهت أن أعجله حتى يقضي حاجته)
مواقف من حياة الإمام الحسين بعد وفاة رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم
مرَّ الحسين -رضي الله عنه- يوماً بمساكين يأكلون في الصّفّة، فقالوا
(الغـداء). فنزل وقال: (إن الله لا يحب المتكبرين). فتغدى ثم قال لهم: (قد أجبتكم فأجيبوني). قالوا: (نعم). فمضى بهم إلى منزله فقال لرّباب: (أخرجي ما كنت تدخرين).
دور الإمام الحسين في الإسلام
نصيحة ذهبية من الإمام علي ابن أبي طالب - رضي الله عنه -
لولديه (الحسن والحسين) رضي الله عنهما قبل موته
وضع الإمام الحسين نصب عينيه نصيحة أبيه علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه عندما أوصاه والإمام الحسن قبل وفاته قائلاً: (أوصيكما بتقوى الله ولا تطلبا الدنيا وإن طلبتكما ولا تأسفا على شئ منها زوي عنكما افعلا الخير وكونا للظالم خصماً وللمظلوم عوناً).
استشهاد الإمام الحُسين - رضي الله عنه وأرضاه -
استُشهِدَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنهُ وَهُوَ ابنُ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمسِينَ سَنَةً، عَاشَ فِيهَا سَائِرًا عَلَى خُطَى جَدِّهِ المُصطَفَى، هَادِيًا مُجَاهِدًا فَقِيهًا وَرِعًا، يَنهَلُ النَّاسُ مِن عِلمِهِ، وَيَتَزَوَّدُونَ مِن فِقهِهِ وَوَرَعِهِ، بِقُلُوبٍ وَاعِيَةٍ، وَءَاذَانٍ صَاغِيَةٍ، يُنصِتُونَ فِي شَوقٍ إِلَى مَا يُفِيضُهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى مِن تَجَلِّيَاتٍ وَأَنوَارٍ، وَكَأَنَّ عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمُ الطَّيرُ.
إرهاصات استشهاده - رضي الله عنه (الأسباب التي أدت إلي قتله)
١- رفض الحُسين - رضي الله عنه - لولاية يزيد ابن معاوية الخلافة من بعد ابيه معاوية ابن أبي سفيان
في سنة 60 هجرياً
توفي معاوية نصف رجب سنة ستين، وبايع الناس يزيد، فكتب يزيد للوليد ابن عتبة مع عبد الله بن عمرو بن أويس العامري، وهو على المدينة: (أن ادعُ الناس، فبايعهـم وابدأ بوجوه قريـش، وليكن أول من تبدأ به الحسين بن عليّ، فإن أمير المؤمنين رحمه الله عهد إليّ في أمره للرفق به واستصلاحه).
فبعث الوليد (والي المدينة المنورة) من ساعته نصف الليل إلى
الحسين بن علي وعبد الله بن الزبير، فأخبرهما بوفاة معاوية، ودعاهما إلى البيعة ليزيد، فقالا: (نصبح وننظر ما يصنع الناس) ولكن الإمام الحسين لم يقبل أن تتحول الخلافة الإسلامية إلى ارث وأبى أن يكون على رأس الإسلام فتى فاسق ظالم كيزيد ابن معاوية فرفض أن يبايعه ولم يعترف به.
فالتقى الوليد بالحسين رضي الله عنه وطلب منه البيعة ليزيد
فرفض الحسين بينما ذهب عبد الله بن الزبير إلى مكة لاجئاً إلي بيت الله الحرام وبايع هناك عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنه.
وفي المدينة المنورة بعد أن رفض الحسين رضي الله عنه مبايعة يزيد
ذهب مروان ابن الحكم شيخ الامويين إلى الوليد ولامه لأنه أذن للحسين بالانصراف من مجلسه ولم يشدد عليه ولم يحبسه (حتى يبايع او تضرب عنقه) وهنا يقول الحسين لمروان: (أأنت تضرب عنقي؟) ثم التفت إلى الوليد وقال: (يا أمير إنا أهل بيت النبوة ومعدن الرسالة بنا فتح الله وبنا ختم (يقصد الرسالة المحمدية) ويزيد بن معاوية فاسق فاجر شارب خمر قاتل النفس المحرمة معلن بالفسوق والفجور ومثلي لا يبايع مثله)
الخروج من المدينة إلي مكة والعزم على الذهاب إلى الكوفة
وخرج الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه إلى مكة وعرف الناس موقفه ورفضه بيعة يزيد وهنا تتقاطر عليه الرسل من المسلمين عامة وأهل الكوفة خاصة يبايعون الحسين بالخلافة وشدد أهل الكوفة على الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه أن يأتي إليهم ويعدوه أن يناصره ويقاتلوا معه
وهنا اعتزم الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه أن يخرج إلى الكوفة بعد أن مكث في مكة المكرمة أربعة اشهر
واستشار الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه أصحابه فحاولوا أن يثنوه عن عزمه وقال له ابن الزبير رضي الله عنهما (لو أقمت بالحجاز ثم أردت هذا الأمر – يعني الخلافة - هنا لما خالفناك وإنما ساعدناك وبايعناك ونصحناك).
فأجاب الحسين حفيد رسول الله - رضي الله عنه - قائلاً
(إن أبى حدثني أن لها – أي مكة المكرمة - كبشاً تستحل به حرمتها فما أحب أن أكون هذا الكبش)
وقبل أن يخرج رضي الله عنه إلى الكوفة
أرسل ابن عمه مسلم ابن عقيل ليمهد له ويتحاور مع أهل الكوفة ويرى إن كانوا جادين في نصرته رضي الله عنه فأرسل إليه ابن عقيل يدعوه إلى المجيء إلى الكوفة فصمم الإمام على المسير إلى الكوفة .
علم جواسيس يزيد بأمر مسلم ابن عقيل - ابن عم سيدنا الحسين - رضي الله عنه
فغير والي الكوفة النعمان بن بشير ليأتي بدلاً منه عبد الله بن زياد وتضم البصرة إليه وقد كان عبد الله بن زياد من أم مجوسية تدعى مرجانة وكان ألكن اللسان وهو من أعوان يزيد
وقد استخدم عبد الله بن زياد في أهل الكوفة
صنوف التعذيب والإرهاب والقتل والصلب حتى انفضوا عن مسلم بن عقيل وحاول مسلم تحذير الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه ولكن أعوان ابن زياد قبضت على الرسل ولم تصل الرسالة إلى الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه. ثم قبض على مسلم وقتل في قصر ابن زياد في التاسع من ذي الحجة عام 60 هـ.
وسار الإمام الحسين إلى الكوفة ومعه 72 او 82 من الجند
فلقي ألف فارس يتقدمهم الحر بن يزيد الرياهي الذي بعث به ابن زياد بتعليمات محددة وهي أن يصاحب الإمام الحسين إلى الكوفة ولا يقتله فان أبى فليأخذ طريقاً لا يقدمه الكوفة ولا يرده إلى المدينة وحذر الحر الإمام الحسين من قتال ابن زياد.
وانطلق الركبين وأثناء ذلك أرسل ابن زياد إلى الحر بن يزيد الرياهي يأمره
ألا ينزل ركب الحسين رضي الله عنه إلا بالعراء في غير حصن وعلى غير ماء فأشار بعض أصحاب الحسين رضي الله عنه عليه بالقتال ولكنه رضي الله عنه رفض أن يبدأهم بقتال
وحين وصل الركب إلى كربلاء
استشعر الحر بن يزيد ان المراد قتل الحسين رضي الله عنه فترك الحر الجيش وذهب إلى الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه قائلاً: (جعلت فداك يا ابن رسول الله أنا صاحبك منعتك من الرجوع وجعجعت بك في هذا المكان وما ظننت القوم يردون عليك ما عرضته عليهم و والله لو علمت انهم ينتهون بك إلى ما أرى ما ركبت مثل الذي ركبت وإني تائب إلى الله مما صنعت فهل ترى لي من توبة؟ " فقبل الحسين عذره" وقد قاتل الحر رضي الله عنه مع الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه حتى قتل في الثاني من المحرم سنة 61 هـ.
وعلم الإمام الحسين أن النهاية قد قرب، فطلب من جنده ان يتفرقوا عنه تحت جنح الليل لكنهم أبوا إلا أن يموتوا دونه
و اصبح الصباح واشتد العطش بالحسين رضي الله عنه وبمن معه وحبس الماء عنهم ثلاثة أيام أو يزيد
وقد رأى الإمام الحسين ابنه عبد الله يبكي من الألم و العطش وقد بح صوته من البكاء
وها هو علي اصغر أبناء الحسين رضي الله عنه يقاتل ثم يعود لأبيه فيقول: يا أبت العطش فيجيبه الحسين رضي الله عنه: اصبر يا حبيبي فإنك لا تمسي حتى يسقيك رسول الله بكأسه ، فحمله على يديه وقال للظالمين: "اتقوا الله في الطفل إن لم تتقوا الله فينا" فرمى رجل الطفل بسهم فنفذ إلى أحشاءه وهو بين يدي والده رضي الله عنه
و عبد الله ابن مسلم ابن عقيل (ابن عم الحسين رضي الله عنه) يمسح جبينه
فيصيبه سهم ثبت يده في جبهته
فينصرف إلى القتال وبالفعل يصاب علي بن الحسين (ابن آخر للحسين) رضي الله عنهما
بسهم في حلقه فيقبل وهو يشجب دماً ويقول: يا ابتاه عليك السلام هذا جدي رسول الله يقرئك السلام ويقول عجل القدوم إلينا
قتل الحسين سيد شباب أهل الجنة رضي الله عنه
فقطعت رأسه الشريفة وقد وجد في جسده رضي الله عنه بعد وفاته ثلاث وثلاثون طعنه وأربع وأربعون ضربة غير إصابات النبل والسهام وأحصاها بعضهم من ثيابه فإذا هي مائه وعشرون.
ما بعد أحداث كربلاء، وقتل من قتل الحُسين وأولاده رضي الله عنهم
عندما صعد ابن زياد المنبر ليخطب في الناس بعد كربلاء
فما أن أتم جملته الأولي حتى وثب عليه شيخ ضرير هو عبد الله بن عفيف الازدي (الذي ذهبت إحدى عينيه في يوم الجمل والاخرى يوم صفين) فصاح به مستهزئا: (يا ابن مرجانة أتقتل أبناء الأنبياء وتقوم على المنبر مقام الصديقين؟ إنما الكذاب أنت وأبوك والذي ولاك) فقتل الشيخ الضرير وصلب
ثم خرج من أهل الكوفة جماعة (التوابين) وداعيتهم المختار بن أبى عبيد الثقفي
وأقسموا ألا يتركوا واحداً من قتله الحسين، اما عبد الله بن زياد فقتل وحرق، وشمر بن ذي الجوشن –الذي أمر الرماة أن يرشقوا الحسين رضي الله عنه بالنبل- القيت أحشاؤه للكلاب وكان مجرد شبهة الاشتراك في كربلاء كافيا لذبح صاحبه او سحله او حرقه او صلبه وقد بلغ انتقام جماعة التوابين حداً فاق مذابح كربلاء
وقد ترددت روايات كثيرة حول رأس الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه
فمنهم من قال انها دفنت بالبقيع عند قبر السيدة فاطمة ومنهم من قال بدمشق ومنهم من قال بالقاهرة بمصر وترى الدكتورة سعاد ماهر أن أقوى الآراء هو الذي يقول أن الرأس طيف به في الأمصار الإسلامية حتى وصل إلى عسقلان ثم تقدم الصالح طلائع وزير الفاطميين بمصر فدفع 30 ألف درهم واسترد الرأس الشريف ونقله إلى القاهرة ويؤيد أن الرأس بالقاهرة ابن كثير وابن خاكان وابن بطوطة والكثيرون
تعقيب أخير علي شخصية الإمام الحُسين - رضي الله عنه وأرضاه -
رحم الله الإمام الحسين رضي الله عنه حفيد سيد الخلق صلى الله عليه وسلم الذي ضرب لنا المثل في من يدافع عن قضية حق ويدفع حياته ثمناً لمبدأ حق رضي الله عنه وأرضاه، فقد عُُرف الإمام الحسين بمواقفه الثابتة ضد الظلم والطغيان، وهو ما يتجلى بوضوح في حادثة كربلاء، حيث أظهر حارب بجسارة للدفاع عن مبادئه وقيمه، لم يكن هدفه الاستيلاء على السلطة، بل كان يسعى إلى الحفاظ على تعاليم الإسلام وتنبيه الأمة الإسلامية إلى أهمية الوحدة والعدالة. وبهذا الأسلوب، رفض الإمام الحسين الخيانة التي ارتكبتها شخصيات معينة في تلك الفترة، وأكد على ضرورة الوقوف أمام طغاة كل عصر، يبدو أن سيدنا الحسين - رضي الله عنه - خير شهداء اهل الجنة: كان حديث رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم نصب عينيه: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: “أَفضَلُ الجِهَادِ كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ عِندَ سُلطَانٍ جَائِرٍ“، رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ
وهكذا قُتل الذكور من آل بيت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في كربلاء
ولم يبق غير الصبي زين العابدين وتقول السيدة زينب أخت الحسين رضي الله عنهما وهي تستنجد وتستجير: يا محمداه! هذا الحسين بالعراء وبناتك سبايا وذريتك مقتلو مسفى عليها الصبا.
The Name
Al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib
His Titles
The grandson of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him)
The Master of the Martyrs of Paradise
The Upbringing and Birth
He (may God be pleased with him) grew up in the Prophet's household under the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) care. He was raised in the care of his grandfather, the Chosen One (peace and blessings be upon him), for seven years, and in the care of his mother, Fatima al-Zahra, for approximately the same period. He lived with his father, the Commander of the Faithful, for thirty-seven years.
When he was born, his grandfather (peace and blessings be upon him) was overjoyed
He went to Fatima al-Zahra's (may God be pleased with her) house, held the child, and asked, "What have you named my son?" They said: “He was a warrior,” so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, named him Hussein. Imam Hussein, may God be pleased with him, was born on the fifth of Sha’ban in the fourth year of the Hijra in Medina.
He was included in the supplication of his grandfather, the Chosen One, peace and blessings be upon him
when he covered him, his father, his mother, and his brother Hassan with a cloak and then said: “O God, these are my family and my chosen ones. Remove all impurity from them and purify them completely.” (Narrated by At-Tirmidhi)
His mother
She is Lady Fatima al-Zahra, one of the four perfect women, and the daughter of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him.
His father
He is the son of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, may God honor his face, and the brother of Imam Hasan, may God be pleased with him.
The honor bestowed upon him by the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him
At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak narrated that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Husayn is from me and I am from Husayn. God loves whoever loves Husayn. Hasan and Husayn are two grandsons among grandsons."
The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, also said:
"I and the prophets will be gathered on one plain, and it will be proclaimed: 'O company of prophets, boast of your children!' So, I will boast of my two sons, Hasan and Husayn."
It is narrated that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, went out one day from Aisha's house and passed by Fatima al-Zahra's house
He heard Husayn crying and said: "Do you not know that his crying pains me?"
It was narrated that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, stood to deliver a sermon to the people
Then Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn, may God be pleased with them, came, wearing red shirts, walking and stumbling. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, descended from the pulpit, picked them up, and placed them before him. Then he said, "God has spoken the truth: {Your wealth and your children are but a trial.} I saw these two boys walking and stumbling, and I could not bear it, so I interrupted my sermon and picked them up."
It was also narrated that the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, would embrace Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn,
holding them close to his heart, his tears flowing, his noble heart aching with the fate he sensed they would face in defense of God's religion.
And on the authority of Usamah ibn Zayd, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: “These two are my sons and the sons of my daughter. O Allah, I love them, so love them and love whoever loves them.” (Related by At-Tirmidhi)
And among his virtues (may Allah be pleased with him) is
what was narrated on the authority of Ya’la ibn Murrah, on the authority of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: “Husayn is from me and I am from Husayn. May Allah love whoever loves Husayn.” (Related by At-Tirmidhi)
Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak on the authority of Salman that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn are my two sons. Whoever loves them loves me, and whoever loves me, God loves him, and whoever God loves, He will admit him to Paradise. And whoever hates them hates me, and whoever hates me, God hates him, and whoever God hates, He will admit him to Hellfire.”
Imam Ahmad narrated in his Musnad, on the authority of Ali (may God honor his face), who said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon me while I was sleeping on my bed
Al-Hasan or Al-Husayn asked for water. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went to one of our sheep and milked it, and it gave milk. Then Al-Hasan came to him, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) moved him aside. Fatimah said: O Messenger of God, it seems that he is the one you love most? He said, “No, but he asked for water before him.” Then he said, “I, you, these two, and this one who is sleeping will be in one place on the Day of Resurrection.”
The Examples of the Companions’ Honoring of Them - May God be pleased with them all -
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, said:
“Observe Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, in his family.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari.
And this is Abu Hurairah; may God be pleased with him:
He was brushing the dust from Al-Husayn’s feet with the edge of his garment, and he said to him Al-Husayn said: O Abu Hurayrah, are you doing this? He said: Leave me alone, for by God, if people knew about you what I know, they would carry you on their necks.
Some people from Iraq came to Ibn Umar asking him
About a pilgrim in ihram killing a fly. He replied: "The people of Iraq ask about flies, yet they killed the grandson of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." (Narrated by al-Bukhari)
And this is the scholar of the nation and the interpreter of the Qur'an, Abdullah ibn Abbas (may God be pleased with him)
He used to hold the stirrups of Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn. He was asked, "You hold their stirrups when you are older than them?" He replied, "These two are the sons of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him). Is it not a blessing for me to hold their stirrups?"
Some Insights from the Life of Imam Hussein During the Life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
How long did Imam Hussein live during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)?
Imam Hussein (may God be pleased with him) lived during the Prophetic era for six years, seven months, and seven days. During this time, he was the object of the Prophet's love and affection. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) often played with him, embraced him, and kissed him.
The Prophet Muhammad's (peace and blessings be upon him) deep love for Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him)
He (peace and blessings be upon him) would meet him in the streets with some of his peers. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would go ahead of the group, extend his hands to the boy, who would run here and there. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would joke and laugh with him, then take him, place one hand under the back of his neck and the other under his chin, and kiss him, saying (peace and blessings be upon him): "Husayn is from me, and I am from Husayn."
The Prophet's mercy and his recognition of children's right to play, especially grandchildren
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would enter his prayer, and when he prostrated, Al-Husayn would come and climb onto his back. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would prolong the prostration, and some of his companions would ask him, "O Messenger of God, you prostrated for so long in your prayer that we thought something had happened or that you were receiving revelation." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would reply, "None of that is true. My son climbed onto my back, and I disliked disturbing him until he had finished what he needed to do."
Some Incidents from the Life of Imam Hussein After the Death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)
At the Age of Seven
Imam Hussein was still a young child when the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, followed by the death of his mother, Fatima al-Zahra (may God be pleased with her).
At the Age of Twenty
When Uthman ibn Affan (may God be pleased with him) was given the oath of allegiance as Caliph, Imam Hussein was over twenty years old. He was known for his piety, asceticism, knowledge, courage, wisdom, and generosity.
One day, Hussein (may God be pleased with him) passed by some poor people eating in the shade of a roof (in a covered area). They said,
"We want lunch." So, he dismounted and said, "God does not love the arrogant." He ate his lunch and then said to them, "I have accepted your invitation, so accept mine." They said, "Yes." He took them to his house and said to his wife, "Bring out what you have been saving."
The Role of Imam Hussein in Islam
Tabaristan
Imam Hussein, may God be pleased with him, was at the forefront of the army that marched to conquer Tabaristan under the leadership of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.
The Battle of the Camel and the Battle of Siffin
He fought in the Battle of the Camel and the Battle of Siffin, and he fought the Kharijites.
The Conquest of Africa
He traveled with the Muslim armies to conquer Africa and also participated in the conquest of Jurjan and Constantinople.
The Visit to Egypt
Historians confirm that Imam Hussein visited Egypt during the reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, with the Islamic army of conquest.
A Golden Advice from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him)
To his two sons, Hassan and Hussein (may God be pleased with them), before his death
Imam Hussein kept in mind the advice of his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib (may God be pleased with him), when he bequeathed to him and Imam Hassan before his death, saying: “I advise you to fear God and not to seek worldly things, even if they seek you. Do not grieve over anything of it that is withheld from you. Do good and be an adversary to the oppressor and a helper to the oppressed.”
The Martyrdom of Imam Hussein (may God be pleased with him)
He was martyred at the age of fifty-eight, having lived his life following in the footsteps of his grandfather, the Chosen One (peace be upon him), a guiding light, a warrior, a learned scholar, and a pious man. People drew from his knowledge and benefited from his wisdom and piety with attentive hearts and listening ears, eagerly awaiting the divine manifestations and lights that God Almighty bestowed upon them, as if he were a guardian angel. The Bird.
The premonitions of His Martyrdom - May God be pleased with him (The Reasons that Led to His Killing)
1- Al-Husayn - May God be pleased with him - refused the caliphate of Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah after his father, Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan.
In the year 60 AH
Mu'awiyah died in the middle of Rajab in the year 60 AH, and the people pledged allegiance to Yazid. Yazid wrote to Al-Walid ibn Utbah, sending it with Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Uways al-Amiri, who was in Medina: "Summon the people and take their pledge of allegiance, starting with the prominent figures of Quraysh. Let the first one you begin with be Al-Husayn ibn Ali, for the Commander of the Faithful, may God have mercy on him, entrusted me with his case to treat him gently and reform him."
Al-Walid (the governor of Medina) immediately sent word at midnight to
Al-Husayn ibn Ali and Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, informing them of Muawiyah's death and urging them to pledge allegiance to Yazid. They replied, "We will wait until morning and see what the people do." However, Imam al-Husayn refused to allow the Islamic caliphate to become a hereditary succession and rejected the idea of a corrupt and unjust young man like Yazid ibn Muawiyah leading Islam. Therefore, he refused to pledge allegiance to him and did not recognize his legitimacy.
Al-Walid met with Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) and asked him to pledge allegiance to Yazid
Al-Husayn refused, while Abdullah ibn Al-Zubayr went to Mecca, seeking refuge at the Sacred House of God, and pledged allegiance there to Abdullah ibn Umar (may God be pleased with him).
In Medina, after al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid
Marwan ibn al-Hakam, a prominent Umayyad leader, went to al-Walid and rebuked him for allowing al-Husayn to leave his presence without demanding his release or detaining him until he pledged allegiance or was beheaded. Al-Husayn responded to Marwan, saying, "Would you behead me?" Then he turned to al-Walid and said, "O Commander of the Faithful, we are the family of the Prophet and the source of the message. God began with us and will conclude with us (referring to the message of Muhammad). Yazid ibn Mu'awiya is a wicked, immoral, and corrupt man, a drunkard, a murderer of innocent souls, and openly commits sins and immorality. One like me does not pledge allegiance to one like him."
The Departure from Medina to Mecca and the Determination to Go to Kufa
Imam al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) departed for Mecca, where people learned of his stance and his refusal to pledge allegiance to Yazid. Messengers from among the Muslims in general, and the people of Kufa in particular, flocked to him, pledging allegiance to al-Husayn as Caliph. The people of Kufa urged Imam al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) to come to them, promising to support him and fight alongside him.
Al-Husayn, the grandson of the Messenger of God (may God be pleased with him), replied:
"My father told me that Mecca has a ram by which its sanctity will be violated, and I do not wish to be that ram."
Before he departed for Kufa,
he sent his cousin, Muslim ibn Aqil, to prepare the way and speak with the people of Kufa to see if they were truly committed to supporting him. Ibn Aqil sent word to him inviting him to come to Kufa, but the Imam resolved to go there.
Yazid's spies learned of the activities of Muslim ibn Aqil, the cousin of Imam al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him)
So he replaced the governor of Kufa, Nu'man ibn Bashir, with Abdullah ibn Ziyad, and annexed Basra to his governorship. Abdullah ibn Ziyad's mother was a Magian named Marjana, and he had a speech impediment. He was one of Yazid's henchmen.
Abdullah ibn Ziyad subjected the people of Kufa to
various forms of torture, terror, murder, and crucifixion until they abandoned Muslim ibn Aqil. Muslim tried to warn Imam al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him), but Ibn Ziyad's men seized the messengers, and the message never reached Imam al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him). Then Muslim was arrested and killed in Ibn Ziyad's palace on the ninth of Dhu al-Hijjah, 60 AH.
Imam Hussein marched towards Kufa with 72 or 82 soldiers.
He encountered a thousand horsemen led by Al-Hurr ibn Yazid Al-Riyahi, whom Ibn Ziyad had sent with specific instructions: to accompany Imam Hussein to Kufa but not to kill him. If he refused, he was to take a route that would neither lead him to Kufa nor back to Medina. Al-Hurr warned Imam Hussein against fighting Ibn Ziyad.
The two groups set out, and during this time, Ibn Ziyad sent a message to Al-Hurr ibn Yazid Al-Riyahi ordering him:
to ensure that Imam Hussein's caravan did not dismount except in an open area, without fortification or water. Some of Imam Hussein's companions advised him to fight, but he refused to initiate hostilities.
When the caravan reached Karbala,
Al-Hurr ibn Yazid sensed that the intention was to kill Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him). So, Al-Hurr left the army and went to Imam Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him), saying, “May I be sacrificed for you, O son of the Messenger of God! I was your companion. I prevented you from returning and brought you to this place. I did not think the people would reject what you offered them. By God, if I had known they would bring you to this, I would not have done what I did. I repent to God for what I have done. Do you see any repentance for me?” Al-Husayn accepted his excuse. Al-Hurr (may God be pleased with him) fought alongside Imam Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) until he was killed on the second of Muharram in the year 61 AH.
Imam Al-Husayn knew that the end was near, so he asked his soldiers to disperse under cover of night, but they refused, determined to die defending him
Morning came, and Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) and his companions were suffering from severe thirst. Water had been withheld from them for three days or more.
Imam Al-Husayn saw his son Abdullah weeping from pain and thirst, his voice hoarse from crying
And here is Ali The youngest son of Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) fought, then returned to his father and said, "Father, I am thirsty!" Al-Husayn (may God be pleased with him) replied, "Be patient, my beloved, for you will not see the evening before the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) gives you to drink from his cup." He carried him in his arms and said to the oppressors, "Fear God regarding the child if you do not fear God regarding us." A man shot the child with an arrow, which pierced his abdomen while he was in his father's arms (may God be pleased with him).
Abdullah ibn Muslim ibn Aqil (Al-Husayn's cousin, may God be pleased with him) was wiping his forehead
An arrow struck him, lodged in his hand in his forehead
He returned to the fight, and indeed, Ali ibn Al-Husayn (another son of Al-Husayn, may God be pleased with them both) was struck
by an arrow in his throat. He came forward, bleeding, and said, "Father, peace be upon you. This is my grandfather, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), who sends you greetings and says, 'Hasten to come to us.'"
Al-Husayn, the master of the youth of Paradise (may God be pleased with him), was killed
His noble head was severed, and thirty-three stab wounds and forty-four blows, in addition to arrow wounds, were found on his body (may God be pleased with him) after his death. The arrows, and some of them counted them from his clothes, and they were one hundred and twenty.
After the events of Karbala, and the killing of those who murdered Hussein and his sons, may God be pleased with them.
When Ibn Ziyad ascended the pulpit to address the people after Karbala,
no sooner had he finished his first sentence than a blind old man, Abdullah ibn Afif al-Azdi (who had lost one eye at the Battle of the Camel and the other at the Battle of Siffin), jumped on him and shouted mockingly: “O son of Marjana, do you kill the sons of the prophets and then stand on the pulpit in the place of the righteous? You, your father, and the one who appointed you are the liars!” The blind old man was then killed and crucified.
Then, a group of people from Kufa, known as the Penitents, emerged, led by Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd al-Thaqafi
They swore that they would not let a single one of Hussein’s killers go unpunished. Abdullah ibn Ziyad was killed and burned, and Shimr ibn Dhi al-Jawshan—who had ordered the archers to shoot Hussein, may God be pleased with him, with arrows—had his entrails thrown to the dogs. The mere suspicion of involvement in Karbala was enough to have someone slaughtered, dragged through the streets, burned, or crucified. The group’s vengeance reached its peak. The Tawwabin massacre surpassed even the massacres of Karbala.
Many accounts have circulated regarding the head of Imam Hussein (may God be pleased with him)
Some say it was buried in al-Baqi' cemetery near the grave of Lady Fatima, others say in Damascus, and still others in Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Suad Maher believes the strongest opinion is that the head was paraded through the Islamic lands until it reached Ashkelon. Then, al-Salih Tala'i, the Fatimid vizier in Egypt, paid 30,000 dirhams to retrieve the noble head and transport it to Cairo. The fact that the head is in Cairo is supported by Ibn Kathir, Ibn Khakan, Ibn Battuta, and many others.
A final comment on the character of Imam Hussein (may God be pleased with him)
May God have mercy on Imam Hussein (may God be pleased with him), the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), who set an example for us of one who defends a just cause and sacrifices his life for a just principle. Imam Hussein was known for his unwavering stance against injustice and tyranny, which is clearly demonstrated in the tragedy of Karbala. There, he fought bravely to defend his principles and values. His aim was not to seize power, but rather to preserve the teachings of Islam and to remind the Muslim community of the importance of unity and justice. In this way, Imam Hussein rejected the treachery committed by certain figures of that era and emphasized the necessity of standing against the tyrants of every age. It seems that our master Hussein – may God be pleased with him – is among the best of the martyrs of Paradise. The words of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, were before his eyes: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The best form of jihad is speaking a word of truth in the presence of a tyrannical ruler.” (Narrated by An-Nasa’i)
Thus, the male members of the Prophet’s family, peace and blessings be upon him, were killed in Karbala
Only the young Zayn al-Abidin remained. Lady Zaynab, Hussein’s sister, may God be pleased with them both, cried out for help and refuge: “O Muhammad! This is Hussein lying in the open, your daughters are captives, and your descendants are slain, their blood shed by the wind.”
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