مفاوضة قريش أبا طالب إيقاف ابن اخيه عن الدعوة Quraysh negotiated with Abu Talib to stop his nephew from preaching
سيئت وجوه اشراف قريش مما فعله محمداً صلي الله عليه وسلم، عبيد دخلوا الإسلام، وبشريعة الإسلام يتساووا مع الشرفاء ، والإسلام علي لسان رسول الله يسفه دينهم ودين أجدادهم، والكثير من المسلمين الجدد يدخلون يوما بعد يوم في حظيرة الإسلام، فقرروا الذهاب إلي عمه ابا طالب ، لعله يوقف ابن اخيه عن دعوة الناس لهذا الدين الوليد، خوفا علي مصالحهم ، وإن اعطيت عنوانا للمرحلة المكية بين صناديد قريش وبين رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم والمسلمين الجدد من ناحية اخري لأعطيتها عنوان (الدعوة الإسلامية ضد المصالح الشخصية الفئوية ... هيا بنا نتعرف علي كم مفاوضة تفاوضت فيها قريش مع ابا طالب لإيقاف الدعوة الإسلامية .
المفاوضة الأولي
طلبت قريش من ابا طالب عم رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم تسليم رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم وايقافه عن الدعوة، ورفض ابا طالب فعل ذلك، فلما رأت قريش ذلك، مشى رجال من أشرافهم إلى أبي طالب: عُتبة وشبيبة ابنا ربيعة. وأبو البَختري بن هشام. وغيرهم فقالوا يا أبا طالب: إن ابن أخيك قد سب آلهتنا وعاب ديننا، وسفه أحلامنا، وضلل آباءنا، فأما أن تكفه عنا وأما أن تخلى بيننا وبينه فإنك على مثل ما نحن عليه من خلافه. فقال لهم أبو طالب قولا جميلا، وردهم ردا رقيقا، فانصرفوا عنه ومضى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما هو عليه. هذه هي المفاوضة الأولى، لكنها لم تثمر شيئا، إذ ظل الرسول يدعو إلى عبادة الله كما كان.
والتعليق
الغريب إن قريش كانت تقدر ابا طالب وتقدر مكانته برغم فقره المعروف عنه، يبدوا أن العرب كانت تقدر الناس بأشياء غير مادية ، مثل انت ما تملك، فلم يرموا بكلمته عرض الحائط بل رجعوا بدون أخذ وعد منه بشيء ومع ذلك كامل الإحترام لرأيه
المفاوضة الثانية
ثم لما تباعد الرجال وتضاغنوا، وأكثرت قريش ذكر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكروا في مفاوضة أبي طالب مرة أخرى. فمشوا إليه وقالوا: يا أبا طالب إن لك سناً وشرفاً وانا قد اشتهيناك أن تنهي ابن أخيك فلم تفعل. وأنا والاه لا نصبر على هذا من شتم آلهتنا وآبائنا، وتسفيه أحلامنا حتى تكفه عنا، أو ننازله واياك في ذلك حتى يهلك أحد الفريقين ثم انصرفوا عنه. أي تهديد بالحرب
فماذا كان رد فعل ابا طالب في المفاوضة الثانية؟
قد عظُم عليه فراق قومه وعداوتهم، ولم تطب نفسه باسلام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وخذلانه فبعث إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأعلمه ما قالت قريش، وقال له: أبق على نفسك وعلىّ ولا تحملني من الأمر مالا أطيق. فظن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن عمه قد خذله وضعف عن نصرته. فقال له "يا عماه لو وضعوا الشمس في يميني و القمر في شمالي على أن أترك هذا الأمر حتى يظهره الله أو أهلك فيه، ماتركته" ثم بكى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقام. فلما ولّى ناداه أبو طالب فأقبل عليه وقال: اذهب يا ابن أخي فقل ما أحببت فوالله لا أسلمك لشيء أبدا.
والتعليق
إن رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم الآن ليس الطفل الذي رُبي في بيت عمه، وليس الشاب الذي يريد ان يزوجه ليخلي مسؤوليته منه مصداقا لوصية ابيه به الذي وفي بها كاملا، النبي الآن صلي الله عليه وسلم عنده من العمر اربعون عام أو يزيد لأن النبوة تأتي في سن الأربعين لكل الأنبياء، وهو الآن متزوج من سيدة أعمال من الدرجة الأولي – السيدة خديجة – وعنده عيال – ويربي اولاد غير أولاده في بيته كعلي ابن عمه هذا ابا طالب، وأسامة بن زيد، فلم يعد ضعيف الأمس بل هو قوي اليوم، فلماذا يقف بجانبه عمه لهذا الحد وبدأت المشاكل تعلو في الأفق فقريش في هذه المفاوضة بدأت التهديد؟ نحن لا نعلم إجابة ، ربما انت تملكها.
The faces of the nobles of Quraysh were displeased by what Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, had done. Slaves had entered Islam, and with the Sharia of Islam they were equal to the nobles, and Islam, through the words of the Messenger of God, was ridiculing their religion and the religion of their forefathers. Many new Muslims were entering the fold of Islam day after day, so they decided to go to his uncle Abu Talib, hoping that he would stop his nephew from calling people to this nascent religion, out of fear for their interests. If I were to give a title to the Meccan period between the leaders of Quraysh and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the new Muslims on the other hand, I would give it the title (The Islamic Call Against Personal and Factional Interests... Let us learn about how many negotiations Quraysh had with Abu Talib to stop the Islamic call).
The First Negotiation
The Quraysh asked Abu Talib, the uncle of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), to hand over the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) and stop him from preaching. Abu Talib refused. When the Quraysh saw this, some of their leaders went to Abu Talib: Utbah and Shabibah, the sons of Rabi'ah, Abu al-Bakhtari ibn Hisham, and others. They said, "O Abu Talib, your nephew has insulted our gods, criticized our religion, belittled our intelligence, and declared our forefathers to be misguided. Either you restrain him from us, or you leave us to deal with him, for you share our opposition." Abu Talib spoke to them kindly and gently, so they left him, and the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) continued his mission. This was the first negotiation, but it yielded no results, as the Messenger continued to preach the worship of God as before. The strange thing is that the Quraysh respected Abu Talib and his standing despite his well-known poverty. It seems that the Arabs valued people based on non-material things, like what they possess. They didn't disregard his word but returned without taking any promise from him, yet they still fully respected his opinion.
The Second Negotiation
Then, when the men grew distant and resentful, and the Quraysh frequently mentioned the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him), they considered negotiating with Abu Talib once more. They went to him and said, “O Abu Talib, you are of age and honor, and we have hoped that you would restrain your nephew, but you have not. By God, we will not tolerate this insult to our gods and our forefathers, and this mockery of our traditions, until you stop him, or we will fight him and you until one of us perishes.” Then they left him. What a threat of war!
So, what was Abu Talib’s reaction in the second negotiation?
He was deeply distressed by the separation from his people and their enmity, and he could not bear the thought of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) embracing Islam and abandoning him. So, he sent word to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) informing him of what the Quraysh had said, and said to him, “Spare yourself and me, and do not burden me with more than I can bear.” The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) thought that his uncle had abandoned him and was too weak to support him. He said to him, "O my uncle, even if they placed the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left, I would not abandon this cause until God makes it prevail or I perish in its pursuit." Then the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, wept and stood up. As he turned to leave, Abu Talib called after him, and he came back and said, "Go, my nephew, and say whatever you wish, for by God, I will never surrender you to anything."
The Comment
he Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was no longer the child raised in his uncle's house, nor the young man whom his uncle wanted to marry off to absolve himself of responsibility, fulfilling his father's will, which he had completely carried out. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was now forty years old or older, for prophethood comes at the age of forty for all prophets. He was now married to a first-rate businesswoman—Khadija—and had children. He was also raising children other than his own in his house, such as Ali, the son of his cousin Abu Talib, and Usama ibn Zayd. He was no longer the weak man of yesterday, but strong today. So why was his uncle standing by him to such an extent, especially as problems began to arise, and the Quraysh began threatening him during these negotiations? We don't know the answer, maybe you do.
The Third Negotiation
Abu Talib insisted on defending his nephew, fulfilling his duty to his father Abdul-Muttalib's will concerning his nephew Muhammad (peace be upon him). He acted with chivalry. This time, they went to Abu Talib with Ammarah ibn al-Walid – one of their most handsome young men – and said: “O Abu Talib, this is Ammarah ibn al-Walid, the youngest of the Quraysh, the most eloquent, and the most handsome. Take him, for he is intelligent and a help to you. Adopt him as your son and give us this nephew of yours who has corrupted our dreams, opposed your religion and the religion of your forefathers, and divided your people.” He said: “By God, what a terrible thing you are asking me to do! You give me your son so I can feed him to you, and I give you my son so you can kill him? By God, this will never happen.” Al-Mut’im ibn Adi, one of the nobles of the Quraysh, said: “Your people have been fair to you, and I don’t see that you want to accept anything from them.” He said: “By God, they have not been fair to me, but you have conspired to betray me and turn people against me. Do as you please.” When they despaired of receiving an answer, the Quraysh intensified their persecution of the Muslims. Each tribe rose up against the Muslims within its borders, torturing them and trying to force them to renounce their faith. Abu Talib then stood up among the Banu Hashim and called upon them to protect the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him). They responded to his call, meaning they did not physically harm him (peace and blessings be upon him) as some of his companions did.
The Comment
It is said that one cannot resort to violence unless the argument is weak. When negotiations fail, they are supposed to not ruin relationships or destroy friendships, as the saying goes. However, if violence is used, it indicates the weakness of the negotiation or the argument of one party. Often, this party will resort to violence later, revealing the folly of their intellect and their inability to negotiate with their opponent and persuade them rationally, rather than through physical force.
The Psychology of Negotiation
We all negotiate, whether with our political opponents, friends, or families.
So, what is negotiation? Negotiation refers to discussions between parties with conflicting preferences and interests (but also some shared interests), with the aim of reaching an agreement on important issues. Therefore, negotiation is a "joint decision-making process involving interactive communication." It has been said, "Every successful negotiation is... an affirmation that conflict is not the inevitable result of conflicting interests." Dear listener, please remember to pray for the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his family, and his companions.
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